Abstract
This article is the result of investigations that the authors have been carrying out for a number of years on working class conditions in Barcelona. They have made it a point to show several manifestations of rebellion from the oppressed classes of Catalonia took on a definitely anti-ecclesiastical tone. This was not due to chance or to atavistic customs tied to ancestral attitudes. To find the wherefore of anticlericalism in the Catalonian popular strupgle, one must firstly try to define what society was itself at that time, and the specific part that the Church played in it.