Islam asks the faithful to help the poor. Outlining the ideal type of this religious charity—known as the zakat—the author will analyse these alms as gifts. After identifying those who contribute and those who are eligible, he moves on to the beneficial effects of this solidarity. To assess the social mechanisms by which the community of faith is being built, the author refers throughout the article to the writings of Mauss, Sahlins and Bourdieu as regards gift giving and reciprocity. This analytical input permits him eventually to develop a triadic model of religiously-inspired charity that includes the divine protagonist who asks us to be generous.
L'islam demande à ses fidèles d'être solidaires avec les pauvres. En proposant un idéal-type de cette charité religieuse—mieux connue sous le nom de zakat— l'auteur analyse ces aumônes comme des dons. Après avoir identifié les contribuables et les ayants droits, il aborde les effets bénéfiques de cette solidarité. De façon à examiner les mécanismes sociaux qui organisent la communauté religieuse, l'auteur s'inspire des écrits de Mauss, Sahlins et Bourdieu concernant le don et la réciprocité. Ces outils analytiques lui permettent finalement de développer un modèle triadique de la charité religieuse, comprenant l'instance divine qui incite à cette générosité.
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