This study used a multidisciplinary approach to map Islamic solidarity within spacetime through tawhidic and embodied epistemologies, using sociological theories and the interplay between collective actions and identity. Through the five pillars, Islam fosters solidarity, enforcing Ummah and brotherhood. Ummah transcends spacetime, encompassing past and future, integrating social responsibilities with divine obligations. Brotherhood is rooted in the present, extending vertically beyond space, enabling Muslims to see themselves as brothers. Both forms coexist, intersecting different levels and dimensions in the present. This solidarity framework supports macro boycotts, leveraging collective religious and social practices. However, the Ummah’s identity crisis stems from the contrast between their tawhidic embodied experience and secular reality, creating dissonance and confusion, sometimes making the body feel alienated.
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