Observational studies have shown that very little time is devoted to comprehension instruction in reading classes. In addition, there is a tendency for reading students to practice skills on their own and to determine for themselves how and where to use those skills. In this paper the authors present some techniques for comprehension instruc tion and some guidance on how to teach students to apply the reading skills they have learned.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Armbruster, Bonnie Betts.1979. An investigation of the effectiveness of "mapping" text as a studying strategy of middle schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation , University of Illinois.
2.
Au, Kathryn Hu-pei and Jana M. Mason.1981. Social organizational factors in learning to read: The balance of rights hypothesis. Reading Research Quarterly17(1):115-152.
3.
Au, Kathryn Hu-Pei and Jana M. Mason.1982. Microethnographic approach to the study of classroom reading instruction: Rationale and procedures. (Technical Report No. 237). Champaign: Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois.
4.
Ausubel, David P.1963. Cognitive structure and the facilitation of meaningful verbal learning. Journal of Teacher Education14(2):217-222.
5.
Ausubel, David P.1968. Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
6.
Ausubel, David P.1978. In defense of advance organizers: A reply to the critics . Review of Educational Research48(2):251-257.
7.
Brown, Ann L. and A.S. Palinscar.1982. Inducing strategic learning from texts by means of informed, self-control training. (Technical Report No. 262). Champaign: Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois.
8.
Carroll, John B., Peter Davies, and Barry Richman.1971. The American heritage word frequency book. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
9.
Coulthard, Malcolm.1977. An introduction to discourse analysis. London: Longman Group Limited.
10.
Dolch, Edward W.1945. A manual for remedial reading. Champaign : Garrad.
11.
Durkin, Dolores.1978-79. What classroom observations reveal about reading comprehension instruction. Reading Research Quarterly14(4):481-533.
12.
Gallagher, Margaret and P. David Pearson .1982. The role of reading in content area instruction. Paper presented at the National Reading Conference, Clearwater, FL, December 4.
13.
Graves, Michael F.1984. Selecting vocabulary to teach in the intermediate and secondary grades. In Promoting reading comprehension, James Flood (Ed.), 245-260. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
14.
Harris, Albert J. and Milton D. Jacobson .1972. Basic elementary reading vocabularies. New York: MacMillan .
15.
Lapp, Diane and James Flood.1983. Teaching reading to every child (second edition). New York: MacMillan.
16.
Mackey, William F.1965. Language teaching analysis. Bloomington : Indiana University Press.
17.
Meyer, Bonnie J. F.1975. The organization of prose and its effects on memory. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
18.
Pearson, P. David and Margaret Gallagher.1983. The instruction of reading comprehension. Contemporary Educational Psychology8(3):317-344.
19.
Raphael, Taffy and P. David Pearson .1982. The effects of metacognitive strategy awareness training on students' question answering behaviour (Technical Report No. 238). Champaign: Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois.
20.
Rosenshine, Barak V.1979. Content, time, and direct instruction. In Research on teaching: Concepts, findings, and implications, Herbert J. Walberg and Penelope L. Peterson (Eds.), 28-56. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan.
21.
Thorndyke, Perry W.1977. Cognitive structures in comprehension and memory of narrative discourse. Cognitive Psychology9(1):77-110.
22.
Tierney, Robert J., James Mosenthal, and Robert N. Kantor .1984. Classroom applications of text analysis: Toward improving text selection and use. In Promoting reading comprehension, James Flood (Ed.), 139-160. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
23.
Tulving, Endel.1962. Subjective organization in free recall of "unrelated" words. Psychological Review69(4):344-354.
24.
Van Dijk, Teun and Walter Kintsch.1978. Cognitive psychology and discourse: Recalling and summarizing stories. In Current trends in text linguistics, Wolfgang V. Dressler (Ed.), 61-68. New York: De Gruyter.
25.
Winograd, P.1983. Strategic difficulties in summarizing texts (Technical Report No. 274). Champaign: Center for the Study of Reading, Univeristy of Illinois.
26.
Yorio, Carlos A.1971. Some sources of reading problems for foreign-language learners. Language Learning21(1):107-115.
