The Cognitive Cost of Brain Rot: Indirect Effects on Depression via Burnout,Stress,and Anxiety

Abstract

In an era increasingly dominated by digital engagement, the concept of brain rot -defined by cognitive fatigue and mental exhaustion-has emerged as a critical psychological concern. Based on Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory, this study investigates the mechanism through which brain rot predicts depression. Specifically, a parallel-serial mediation model (Hayes Model 81) was tested to examine whether brain rot leads to depression via burnout (primary mediator) and subsequently through stress and anxiety (secondary parallel mediators), while controlling for emotional dysregulation. Data were collected from 439 participants (Mage = 22.15, SD = 3.89). The results confirmed a full mediation model (β = .03, p > .05; 95% CI [−.03, .08]). Brain rot did not directly predict depression but triggered a “loss spiral” by first depleting resources (burnout), which then elevated stress and anxiety, ultimately precipitating depressive symptoms. Burnout emerged as a pivotal transitional factor, while emotional dysregulation significantly intensified all psychological outcomes. These findings suggest that, alongside clinical interventions targeting burnout and emotion regulation, preventive strategies promoting conscious digital consumption and media literacy are essential to forestall the onset of cognitive fatigue.