This project discusses the development and implementation of a three-credit graduate/undergraduate course, offered to police officers and incarcerated men, that would eventually become part of the city’s recruit training academy. The initial class consisted of six veteran officers and six men serving life sentences. The programme has the potential to integrate the fundamentals of restorative justice within the occupational culture of policing in order to produce direct benefits for public safety and may also be effective for building more authentic relationships between police and communities of colour. The article explains what went into creating this class, how it progressed and what resulted.
AllredSL (2009) The inside-out prison exchange program: The impact of structure, content, and readings. The Journal of Correctional Education60(3): 240–258.
2.
AlpertGPDunhamRG (2004) Understanding Police Use of Force: Officers, Suspects, and Reciprocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3.
BirzerML (2003) The theory of andragogy applied to police training. Policing: An International Journal of Strategies and Management26(1): 29–42.
4.
BirzeMLTannehillR (2001) A more effective training approach for contemporary policing. Police Quarterly4(7): 233–352.
5.
BrownRM (2005) Black, white, and unequal: Examining situational determinants of arrest decisions from police–suspect encountersCriminal Justice Studies18(1): 51–68.
6.
BuergerME (1998) Police training as pentecost: Using tools significantly ill-suited to the purpose of reform. Police Quarterly1(1): 27–63.
7.
ContiN (2001) Ceremonial degradation of a doctoral candidate: An essay on the social situation of graduate student ethnographers and other inmates. The American Sociologist32(4): 89–97.
8.
ContiN (2009) A visigoth system: Shame, honor and police socialization. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography38(3): 409–432.
9.
ContiN (2011) Weak links and warrior hearts: A framework for judging self and others in police training. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal12(5): 410–423.
10.
ContiNDoreianP (2011) Social network engineering and race in a police academy: A longitudinal analysis. Social Networks32(1): 30–43.
11.
ContiNDoreianP (2014) From here on out, we’re all blue: A reconsideration of race in police academy training. Police Quarterly, 17(4): 414–447.
12.
ContiNNolanJJ (2005) Policing the platonic cave: Ethics and efficacy in police training. Policing and Society15(2): 166–186.
EngelRSSobolJJWordenRE. (2006) Further exploration of the demeanor hypothesis: The interaction effects of suspects’ characteristics and demeanor on police behaviorJustice Quarterly17(2): 235–258.
Hilinski-RosickCMBlackmerAN (2014) An exploratory examination of the impact of the inside-out prison exchange program. Journal of Criminal Justice Education25(3): 386–397.
21.
HutchinsonDL (2014) Continually reminded of their inferior position: Social dominance, implicit bias, criminality, and race. Washington University Journal of Law and Policy46(18): 23–117.
22.
Inside-Out Center (2018) Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program website. Available at: www.insideoutcenter.org/index.html(accessed 10 September 2018).
23.
KochDWLeeJLeeK (2016) Coloring the war on drugs: Arrest disparities in black, brown, and white. Race and Social Problems8(4): 313–325.
24.
KochelTRWilsonDBMastrofskiSD (2011) Effect of suspect race on officer’s arrest decisions. Criminology49(2): 473–512.
25.
KrysanMCrowderK (2017) Cycle of Segregation: Social Processes and Residential Stratification. New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
26.
LinkBGPhelanJC (2001) Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology27(1): 363–385.
27.
LouryGC (2003) Racial stigma: Toward a new paradigm for discrimination theory. American Economic Review93(2): 334–337.
28.
LundmanJR (1980) Police and Policing: An Introduction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
29.
MareninO (2004) Police training for democracy. Police Practice and Research5(2): 102–123.
30.
MasseyDS (2016) Residential segregation is the linchpin of racial stratification. City and Community15(1): 4–7.
31.
McCreedyKR (1980) The impact of a police academy on the socialization of new officers. Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California.
32.
PompaL (2004) Disturbing where we are comfortable: Notes from behind the walls. Reflections4(1): 24–34.
33.
PompaL (2013) One brick at a time: The power and possibility of dialogue across the prison wall. The Prison Journal93(2), 127–134.
34.
RiceSKWhiteMD (2010) Race, Ethnicity and Policing. New York: NYU Press.
35.
RutanDQGlassMR (2017) The lingering effects of neighborhood appraisal: Evaluating redlining’s legacy in Pittsburgh. The Professional Geographer70(3): 339–349.
36.
ShernockS (1998) Police officer support for quasi-military stress training and orientation towards outsiders and non-law enforcement functions. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology13(2): 87–99.
37.
Van GundyABryantAStarksBC (2013) Pushing the envelope for evolution and social change: Critical challenges for teaching Inside-Out. The Prison Journal93(2): 189–210.
38.
Van MaanenJ (1999)[1978] The asshole. In: KapplerVE (ed) The Police and Society: Touchstone Readings. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc.
39.
ViolantiJM (1993) What does high stress training teach recruits? An analysis of coping. Journal of Criminal Justice21(4): 411–417.
40.
WertsT (2013) Tyrone Werts: Reflections on the inside-out prison exchange program. The Prison Journal93(2): 135–138.
41.
WozniakJ (2017) ‘We are going to prove that we are a civil and developed country’: The cultural performance of police legitimacy and empire in the Iraqi state. The British Journal of Criminology57(4): 906–923.
42.
ZuberiADuckWGradeckB, et al. (2017) Neighborhoods, race, and health: Examining the relationship between neighborhood distress and birth outcomes in Pittsburgh. Journal of Urban Affairs38(4): 546–563.
