Tests of visual-motor perceptual abilities, and especially the Bender Visual-motor Gestalt Test, ace heavily relied upon co establish diagnostic weaknesses that may relate to reading deficits in children. It was hypothesized that no significant difference would be observed between the performance of readers and non-readers on original or standard Bender designs and those designs modified by the addition of extraneous “background.” This study compared the performance of readers and non-readers on the standard Bender, a Bender memory test, and two Benders with stimulus designs on extraneous backgrounds.
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