Drawing on contributions by H. Bergson, J. P. Guilford, A. O. Lovejoy, H. Rorschach, J. Ruesch and W. Kees, H. A. Simon, J. L. Singer and J. S. Antrobus, and G. L. S. Shackle, the essay develops a cognitive dualism involving, on the one hand, Guilford's perceptual foresight, Simon's foresight, Bergson's intellect, Romantic Idealism's Verstand, Rorschach form responses, Singer and Antrobus’ objective daydreaming, and Ruesch and Kees’ digital codification—and, on the other, Guilford's conceptual foresight, Shackle's foresight, Bergson's intuition, Romantic Idealism's Vernunft (Vernunft-Anschauung, intellektuelle Anschauung), Rorschach movement responses, Singer and Antrobus’ subjective daydreaming, and Ruesch and Kees’ analogic codification.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AmesL. B., & LearnedJ.Imaginary companions and related phenomena. J. genet. Psychol., 1946, 69, 147–167.
2.
ArnheimR.The priority of expression. J. Aesthet. Art Crit., 1949, 8, 106–109.
3.
ArnheimR.Perceptual and aesthetic aspects of the movement response. J. Pers., 1951, 19, 265–281.
BarnardC. I.The junctions of the executive. Cambridge: Harvard Univer., 1960.
6.
BartlettF.Thinking. New York: Basic Books, 1958.
7.
BeckS. J.Personality structure in schizophrenia. New York: Nerv. & Ment. Dis. Monogr., 1938.
8.
BeckS. J.Errors in perception and fantasy in schizophrenia. In KasaninJ. S. (Ed.), Language and thought in schizophrenia. Berkeley: Univer. of Calif., 1946. Pp. 91–103.
9.
BeckS. J.Psychological processes in the schizophrenic adaptation. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1965.
10.
BendixR.Max Weber. Garden City: Doubleday, 1960.
11.
BergerR. M., GuilfordJ. P., & ChristensenP. R.A factor-analytic study of planning abilities. Psychol. Monogr., 1957, 71, No. 6 (Whole No. 435).
12.
BergsonH.Creative evolution. New York: Modern Library, 1944.
13.
BextonW. H., HeronW., & ScottT. H.Effects of decreased variation in the sensory environment. Canad. J. Psychol., 1954, 8, 70–76.
14.
BleulerE.Autistic thinking. In RapaportD. (Ed.), Organization and pathology of thought. New York: Columbia Univer., 1951. Pp. 399–437. (a)
15.
BleulerE.Textbook of psychiatry. New York: Dover, 1951. (b)
16.
BrillA. A. (Ed.) The basic writings of Sigmund Freud. New York: Modern Library, 1938.
DementW. C.Perception during sleep. In ZubinJ. (Ed.), Psychopathology of perception. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1965. Pp. 247–270. (a)
21.
DementW. C.Studies on the function of rapid eye movement (paradoxical) sleep in human subjects. In JouvetM. (Ed.), Aspects anatamo-functionnels de la Physiologie du sommeil. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientific, 1965. Pp. 571–611. (b)
22.
FoulkesD., & VogelG.Mental activity at sleep onset. J. abnorm. Psychol., 1965, 70,231–243.
23.
FoulkesW. D.Dream reports from different stages of sleep. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1962, 65, 14–25.
24.
FreudS.Formulations regarding the two principles in mental functioning. The relation of the poet to daydreaming. In Collected papers of Sigmund Freud. Vol. Iv. New York: Basic Books, 1959. Pp. 13-21, 173–183.
25.
FrommE.Man for himself. New York: Rinehart, 1959.
26.
FubrrerA.The meaning of M in the Rorschach test. In ShermanM. (Ed.), Rorschach A reader. New York: Internat. Univer., 1960. Pp. 309–317.
27.
GuilfordJ. P.The structure of intellect. Psychol. Bull., 1956, 53, 267–293.
28.
GuilfordJ. P.Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.
29.
GuilfordJ. P.Basic conceptual problems in the psychology of thinking. Ann. Acad N. Y., Sci., 1960, 91, 6–21.
30.
GuilfordJ. P., & HoepfnerR.Current summary of structure-of-intellect factors and suggested tests. Rep. Psychol. Lab., Univer. So. Calif., Los Angeles, 1963, No. 30.
31.
HartmannH.Essays on ego psychology. New York: Int. Univer. Press, 1964.
32.
HoltR. R.Imagery: the return of the ostracized. Amer. Psychologist, 1964, 19, 254–264.
33.
HookS.The hero in history. Boston: Beacon, 1960.
34.
JamesW.The principles of psychology. Vol. 1. New York: Dover, 1950.
35.
JamesW.The varieties of religious experience. New York: Mentor, 1960.
36.
JungC. G.Psychology of the unconscious. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1925.
37.
KrisE.Psychoanalytic explorations in art. New York: Schocken, 1964.
38.
KuhnR.Some problems concerning the psychological implications of Rorschach's form interpretation test. In Rickers-OvsiankinaM. A. (Ed.), Rorschach psychology. New York: Wiley, 1960. Pp. 319–340.
39.
LewinK.A dynamic theory of personality. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1935.
40.
LovejoyA. O.The reason, the understanding, and time. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univer., 1961.
41.
MarksA., GuilfordJ. P., & MerrifieldR. R.A study of military leadership in relation to selected intellectual factors. Rep. Psychol. Lab., Univer. So. Calif., Los Angeles, 1959, No. 21.
42.
McCurdyH. G.The childhood pattern of genius. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, 1957, 73, 448–462.
43.
McKellarP.Imagination and thinking. New York: Basic Books, 1957.
44.
MeineckeF.Values and causalities in history. In SternF. (Ed.), The varieties of history. New York: Meridian, 1960. Pp. 268–288.
45.
MerrifieldP. R., GuilfordJ. P., ChristensenP. R., & FrickJ.W.The role of intellectual factors in problem solving. Psychol. Monogr., 1962, 76, No. 10 (Whole No. 529).
46.
MullerH. J.The uses of the past. New York: Mentor, 1959.
47.
MurphyG., & MurphyL. B.Experimental social psychology. New York: Harper, 1931.
48.
MurrayC. A., & KluckhohnC. Outline of a conception of personality. In KluckhohnC, MurrayH. A., & SchneiderD. M. (Eds.), Personality in nature, society, and culture. New York: Knopf, 1956. Pp. 3–49.
49.
NewellA., ShawJ. C, & SimonH. A.Elements of a theory of human problem solving. Psychol. Rev., 1958, 65, 151–166.
50.
NewellA., ShawJ. C, & SimonH. A.The processes of creative thinking. In GruberH. E., TerrellG., & WertheimerM. (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to creative thinking. New York: Atherton, 1962. Pp. 63–119.
51.
NewellA., ShawJ. C, & SimonH. A.Chess-playing programs and the problem of complexity. In FeigenbaumE. A. & FeldmanJ. (Eds.), Computers and thought. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963. Pp. 39–70.
52.
PageH.Studies in fantasy-daydreaming frequency and Rorschach scoring categories. J. consult. Psychol., 1957, 21, 111–114.
53.
PiotrowskiZ. A.Perceptanalysis. New York: Macmillan, 1957.
RechtschaffenA., & FoulkesD.Effect of visual stimuli on dream content. Percept. mot. Skills, 1965, 20, 1149–1160.
56.
RechtschaffenA., VogelG., & ShaikunG.Interrelatedness of mental activity during sleep. Arch. gen. Psychiat., 1963, 9, 536–547.
57.
RoffwargH. P., MuzioJ. N., & DementW. C.Ontogenetic development of the human sleep-dream cycle. Science, 1966, 152, 604–619.
58.
RorschachH.Psychodiagnostics. Berne: Huber, 1949.
59.
RothG., & BergerB. M.Max Weber and the organizational society. New York Times Book Rev., 1966, 140 (No. 6, April 3), 44–45.
60.
RueschJ., & KeesW.Nonverbal communication. Berkeley: Univer. of Calif., 1961.
61.
ShackleG. L. S.Expectation in economics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer., 1952.
62.
ShackleG. L. S.Time in economics. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1958.
63.
ShackleG. L. S.Time and thought. Brit. J. Philos. Sci., 1958-1959, 9, 285–298.
64.
ShackleG. L. S.Decision order and time in human affairs. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer., 1961.
65.
ShafferL. F.The psychology of adjustment. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1936.
66.
SimonH. A.Administrative behavior. New York: Macmillan, 1960.
67.
SimonH. A.The control of the mind by reality. In FarberS. M. & WilsonR. H. L. (Eds.), Control of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961. Pp. 219–232.
68.
SimonH. A., SmithburgD. W., & ThompsonV. A.Public administration. New York: Knopf, 1962.
69.
SingerJ. L.Imagination and waiting ability in young children. J. Pers., 1961, 29, 396–413.
70.
SingerJ. L.Daydreaming and planful thought: a note on Professor Stark's conceptual framework. Percept, mot. Skills, 1966, 23, 113–114.
71.
SingerJ. L., & AntrobusJ. S.A factor-analytic study of daydreaming and conceptually-related cognitive and personality variables. Percept. mot. Skills, 1963, 17, 187–209.
72.
SingerJ. L., & McCravenV. G.Some characteristics of adult daydreaming. J. Psychol., 1961, 51, 151–164.
73.
SnowC. P.The two cultures and the scientific revolution. New York: Cambridge Univer., 1962.
74.
StarkS.Temporal and atemporal foresight. J. human. Psychol., 1962, 2(1)., 56–74.
75.
StarkS.Creative leadership—human vs. metal brains. J. Acad. Mgmt, 1963, 6, 160–169.
76.
StarkS.Rorschach movement and Bleuler's three kinds of thinking: a contribution to the psychology of creativity. Percept. mot. Skills, 1964, 19, 959–967.
77.
StarkS.Toward a psychology of knowledge: hypotheses regarding Rorschach movement and creativity. Percept. mot. Skills, 1965, 21, 839–859.
78.
StarkS.Rorschach movement, fantastic daydreaming, and Freud's concept of primary process: interpretive commentary. Percept. mot. Skills, 1966, 22, 523–532.
79.
StaufferD. A. (Ed.) Selected prose and poetry of Coleridge. New York: Modern Library, 1951.
80.
SternW.General psychology. New York: Macmillan, 1938.
81.
ThompsonV. A.Modern organization. New York: Knopf, 1961.
82.
TiryakianE. A.Existential phenomenology and the sociological tradition. Amer. sociol. Rev., 1965, 30, 674–688.
83.
ToenniesF.Community and society. New York: Torchbook, 1963.
84.
TomkinsS.Left and right: a basic dimension of ideology and personality. In WhiteR. W. (Ed.), The study of lives. New York: Atherton, 1963. Pp. 388–411.
85.
VinackeW. E.The psychology of thinking. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952.
86.
WeberM.The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New York: Scribner's, 1958.
87.
WernerH.Comparative psychology of mental development. New York: Harper, 1940.
88.
WernerH., & KaplanB.Symbol formation. New York: Wiley, 1963.
89.
WestcottM. R.On the measurement of intuitive leaps. Psychol. Rep., 1961, 9, 267–274.
90.
WestcottM. R., & RanzoniJ.H.Correlates of intuitive thinking. Psychol. Rep., 1963, 12, 595–613.
91.
WolffK. H.The sociology of knowledge and sociological theory. In GrossL. (Ed.), Symposium on sociological theory. New York: Harper, 1959. Pp. 567–602.
