Facer-IrwinEKaratziasTBirdA,et al. PTSD and complex PTSD in sentenced male prisoners in the UK: prevalence, trauma antecedents, and psychiatric comorbidities. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1–11.
2.
FordKBellisMAHughesK,et al.Adverse childhood experiences: a retrospective study to understand their associations with lifetime mental health diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, and current low mental wellbeing in a male Welsh prison population. Health Justice2020; 8: 1–3.
3.
KaratziasTShevlinMFyvieC, et al.Evidence of distinct profiles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) based on the new ICD-11 trauma questionnaire (ICD-TQ). J Affect Disord2017; 207: 181–187.
4.
TylerNMilesHLKaradagB,et al.An updated picture of the mental health needs of male and female prisoners in the UK: prevalence, comorbidity, and gender differences. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol2019; 54: 1143–1152.
5.
PatelRHarveyJForresterA. Systemic limitations in the delivery of mental health care in prisons in england. Int J Law Psychiatry2018; 60: 17–25.
6.
ForresterAHopkinG. Mental health in the criminal justice system: a pathways approach to service and research design. Crim Behav Ment Health2019; 29: 207–217.
7.
CloitreMHylandPPrinsA,et al.The international trauma questionnaire (ITQ) measures reliable and clinically significant treatment-related change in PTSD and complex PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol2021; 12: 1930961.
8.
MartinMSColmanISimpsonAI,et al.Mental health screening tools in correctional institutions: a systematic review. BMC psychiatry2013; 13: 1–0.
9.
ForresterATillASimpsonA,et al.Mental illness and the provision of mental health services in prisons. Br Med Bull2018; 127: 101–109.
10.
CrasterLForresterA. The early identification of people with personality disorder in the criminal justice system. Med Sci Law2020; 60: 294–300.
11.
ChaplinEMcCarthyJMarshall-TateK, et al.Evaluation of a liaison and diversion court mental health service for defendants with neurodevelopmental disorders. Res Dev Disabil2021; 119: 104103.
12.
BissonJIOlffM. Prevention and treatment of PTSD: the current evidence base. Eur J Psychotraumatol2021; 12: 1824381.
13.
ForresterAMacLennanFSladeK,et al.Improving access to psychological therapies in prisons. Crim Behav Mental Health2014; 24: 163.
14.
YoonIASladeKFazelS. Outcomes of psychological therapies for prisoners with mental health problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol2017; 85: 783.
15.
National Audit Office. Mental health in prisons. London: National Audit Office, 2017. p.54. Ref.: 11466–001.
16.
KaratziasTCloitreM. Treating adults with complex posttraumatic stress disorder using a modular approach to treatment: rationale, evidence, and directions for future research. J Trauma Stress2019; 32: 870–876.
ForresterAExworthyTOlumorotiO,et al.Variations in prison mental health services in England and Wales. Int J Law Psychiatry2013; 36: 326–332.
20.
IsmailN. The politics of austerity, imprisonment and ignorance: a case study of English prisons. Med Sci Law2020; 60: 89–92.
21.
BradleyA. Viewing Her majesty’s prison service through a trauma-informed Lens. Prison Serv J2021; 255: 4–11.
22.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA’s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, https://ncsacw.samhsa.gov/userfiles/files/SAMHSA_Trauma.pdf2014 (accessed 17th December 2021)
23.
JankowskiMKSchifferdeckerKEButcherRL,et al.Effectiveness of a trauma-informed care initiative in a state child welfare system: a randomized study. Child Maltreat2019; 24: 86–97.
24.
SkettSLewisC. Development of the offender personality disorder pathway: a summary of the underpinning evidence. Probat J2019; 66: 167–180.
United Nations (UN). Standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners (Nelson Mandela Rules), 2015. Ref: a/RES/70/175.
27.
LennoxCKirkpatrickTTaylorRS, et al.Pilot randomised controlled trial of the ENGAGER collaborative care intervention for prisoners with common mental health problems, near to and after release. Pilot Feasibility Stud2018; 4: 1–0.
28.
YoungSGudjonssonGChitsabesanP, et al.Identification and treatment of offenders with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the prison population: a practical approach based upon expert consensus. Bmc Psychiatry2018; 18: 1–6.
29.
SkivingtonKMatthewsLSimpsonSA, et al.A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of medical research council guidance. Br Med J2021; 374: 1–9.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: recognition and management. Guideline CG90, available from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG90, 2009 (accessed 12th December 2021).
32.
GinnS. The challenge of providing prison healthcare. Br Med J2012; 345: 26–28.
33.
KothariRForresterAGreenbergN,et al.COVID-19 and prisons: providing mental health care for people in prison, minimising moral injury and psychological distress in mental health staff. Med Sci Law2020; 60: 165–168.