This study examines the effect of the world’s largest school-feeding programme, the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) programme, on dropout and retention among schoolchildren in India. Data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) Rounds 1 (2004–05) and 2 (2011–12) were used. The sample included individual-level information on schoolchildren aged 5–10 years in IHDS-1 who turned 12–17 years in IHDS-2. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis was used to examine school dropout and retention rates by MDM consumption patterns and factors associated with them among schoolchildren. The findings suggest that schoolchildren having MDM support in their younger years had a lower dropout rate. Participants who received early and persistent MDM support were more likely to be retained in school. Participants residing in urban areas or living farther from school were more likely to drop out, while those receiving scholarships were associated with higher retention in school.
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