We explored the variation in the resistance that lingual and non lingual consonants exhibit to coarticulation by following vowels in the schwa+CV disyllables of two native speakers of English. Generally, lingual consonants other than /g/ were more resistant tho coarticulation than thhe liabial consonants /b/ and /v/. Coarticulation resistance in the consonant also affected articulatory evidence for trans consonantal vowel-to-vowel coarticulation, but did not show consistent acoustic effects. As for effects of coarticulation resistance in thhe following vowel, articulatory and acoustic effects were quite liarge at consonantre lease but much weaker farther into the following stressed vowel. Correlations between coarticulation resistance effects at consonantrelease and liocus equation slopes were highly significant, consistent with the view that variation in coarticulation resistance explains differences among consonants in liocus equation slopes.
Abercrombie, D. (1961). Elements of general phonetics. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press.
2.
Bladon, A., & Al-Bamerni, A. (1976). Coarticulation resistance in English / l /. Journal of Phonetics, 4, 137-150.
3.
Brancazio, L., & Fowler, C.A. (1998). On the relevance of locus equations for production and perception of stop consonants. Perception & Psychophysics , 60, 24-50.
4.
Browman, C., & Goldstein, L. (1986). Towards an articulatory phonology. Phonology Yearbook, 3, 219-252.
5.
Carré, R. (1998). Linear correlates in the speech signal: Consequences of the specific use of an acoustic tube? The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 261-262.
6.
Chenoukh, S., & Carré, R. (1997). Locus equations in the light of articulatory modeling . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102, 2380-2389.
7.
Dembowski, J., Lindstrom, M., & Westbury, J. (1998). Articulator point variability in the production of stop consonants. In M. Cannito, K. Yorkston,& D. Beukelman (Eds.), Neuromotor speech disorders: Nature assessment and management (pp.27-46). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
8.
Duez, D. (1992). Second-formant locus patterns: An investigation of spontaneous French speech. Speech Communication, 11, 417-427.
9.
Engstrand, O. (1988).Articulatory correlates of stress and speaking rate in Swedish VCV utterances. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 83, 1863-1875.
10.
Fowler, C.A. (1977). Timing control in speech production. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Linguistics Club .
11.
Fowler, C.A. (1980). Coarticulation and theories of extrinsic timing . Journal of Phonetics, 8, 113 - 133.
12.
Fowler, C.A. (1981). Production and perception of coarticulation among stressed and unstressed vowels. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 46, 127-139.
13.
Fowler, C.A. (1994). Invariants, specifiers, cues: An investigation of locus equations as information for place of articulation. Perception & Psychophysics , 55, 597-610.
14.
Fowler, C.A. (1998). The OOC is not wearing any clothes. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 265 - 266.
15.
Fowler, C.A., & Saltzman, E. (1993). Coordination and coarticulation in speech production . Language and Speech, 36, 171-195.
16.
Fowler, C.A., & Smith, M. (1986). Speech perception as "vector analysis": An approach tho the problems of segmentation and invariance. In J. Perkell & D. Klatt (Eds.), Invariance and variability of speech processes (pp. 123-136). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
17.
Krull, D. (1989). Consonant-vowel coarticulation in spontaneous speech and reference words. Papers in Linguistics from the University of Stockholm, 10, 101-105.
18.
Ladefoged, P. (1975).A course in phonetics. NYHarcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
19.
Lindblom, L. (1963). On vowel reduction. The Royal Institute of Technology, Speech Transmission Laboratory, 29.
20.
Löfqvist, A. (1990). Speech as audible gestures. In W. J. Hardcastle & A. Marchal (Eds.), Speech production and speech modeling (pp.289-332). The Netherlands: Kluwer.
21.
Magen, H. (1991). An acoustic study of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in English. Doctoral dissertation, Yale University.
22.
Öhman, S. (1966). Coarticulationin VCV utterances: Spectrographic measurements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 39, 151-168.
23.
Perkell, J. (1969). Physiology of speech production: Results and implications of a quantitative cineradiographic study. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
24.
Perkell, J., Cohen, M.H., Svirsky, M.A., Matthies, M.L., Garabieta, I., & Jackson, M.T.T. (1992). Electromagnetic migsagittal articulometer systems for transducing speech articulatory movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 92, 3078-3096.
25.
Recasens, D. (1984a). V-to-C coarticulationin Catalan VCV sequences: An articulatory and acoustical study. Journal of Phonetics , 12, 61-73.
26.
Recasens, D. (1984b). Vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in Catalan VCV sequences. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 76, 1624-1635.
27.
Recasens, D. (1985). Coarticulatory patterns and degrees of coarticulation resistance in Catalan CV sequences. Language and Speech, 28, 97-114.
28.
Recasens, D. (1989). Long range coarticulatory effects for tongue dorsum contact in VCVCV sequences. Speech Communication, 8, 293-307.
29.
Recasens, D., Farnetani, E., Fontdevila, J., & Pallarès, M.D. (1993). An electropalatographic study of alveolar and palatal consonants in Catalan and Italian. Language and Speech, 36, 213-234.
30.
Rubin, P.E. (1995). HADES: A case study of the development of a signal analysis system. In A. Syrdal, R. Bennett, S. Greenspan (Eds.), Applied speech technology (pp. 501 - 520). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
31.
Sproat, R., & Fujimura, O. (1993). Allophonic variation in English /l/ and its implications for phonetic implementation. Journal of Phonetics, 21, 291-311.
32.
Sussman, H. (1989). Neural coding of relational invariance in speech: Human language analogs to the barn owl. Psychological Review , 96, 631-642.
33.
Sussman, H. (1994). The phonological reality of locus equations across manner class distinctions: Preliminary observations. Phonetica , (1, 119-131.
34.
Sussman, H., Fruchter, D., Hilbert, J., & Sirosh, J. (1998a). Linear correlates in the speech signal: The orderly output constraint. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 241-259.
35.
Sussman, H., Fruchter, D., Hilbert, J., & Sirosh, J. (1998b). Human speech: A thinkerers' delight. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 287-299.
36.
Sussman, H., Hoemeke, K., & McCaffrey, H. (1993). Locus equations as an index of coarticulation for place of articulation distinctions in children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 769-781.
37.
Sussman, H., McCaffrey, H., & Matthews, S. (1991).An investigation of locus equations as a source of relational invariance for stop place categorization. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90, 1309-1325.
