American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education . (1985). A call for change in teacher education. Washington, DC: Author.
2.
Ashton, P. , & Crocker, L. (1987). Systematic study of planned variations: The essential focus of teacher education reform. Journal of Teacher Education, 38, 2-8.
3.
Ball, D. L. , & McDiarmid, G. L. (1990). The subject-matter preparation of teachers. In W. R. Houston, (Ed.) Handbook of Research in Teacher Education. Macmillan.
4.
Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, Task Force on Teaching as a Profession . (1986). A nation prepared: Teachers for the 21st century. Washington D.C.: The Carnegie Forum.
5.
Carter, K. (1990). Teachers' knowledge and learning to teaching. in W. R. Houston, (Ed.) Handbook of Research in Teacher Education, Macmillan.
6.
Copley, P. O. (1974). A study of the effect of professional education courses on beginning teachers. Springfield, MO: Southwest Missouri State University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 098 147).
7.
Darling- Hammond, L. (1991). Are our teachers ready to teach?Newsletter of the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education, 1, 6-7 & 10.
8.
Denton, J. J. , & Lacina, L. J. (1984). Quantity of professional education coursework linked with process measures of education. Teacher Education and Practice, 1, 39-46.
9.
Druva, C. , & Anderson, R. D. (1983). Science teacher characteristics by teacher behavior and by student outcome: A meta-analysis of research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching.20, 467-479.
10.
Evertson, C. M. , Hawley, W. D., & Zlotnik, M. (1985). Making a difference in educational quality through teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 36, 2-10.
11.
Gilchrist, W. , Hirst, L., & Clary, E. (1987). The NCA Workshop's taxonomy of professional knowledge. In David Jones (Ed.). Professional Knowledge Base. (pp. 39-57). Fortieth Annual Report of the North Central Association Teacher Education Project Workshop. Flagstaff, AZ: University of Northern Arizona.
12.
Grossman, P. (1987). A tale of two teachers: The role of subject matter orientation in teaching. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington D.C.
13.
Grossman, P. , & Richert, R. (1988). Unacknowledged knowledge growth: A reexamination of the effects of teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education.4, 53-62.
14.
Grossman, P. (1989). Learning to teach without teacher education. Teachers College Record, 91, 191-208.
15.
Grossman, P. (1990). The making of a teacher: Teacher knowledge and teacher education. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
16.
Hawk, P. , Coble, C., & Swanson, M. (1985). Certification: It does matter. Journal of Teacher Education, 36, 13-15.
17.
Holmes Group (1986). Tommorow's teachers: A report of the Holmes Group. East Lansing, MI: Author.
18.
Kennedy, M. (1991). Some surprising findings on how teachers learn to teach. Educational Leadership, 49, 14-17.
19.
Koehler, V. (1985). Research on preservice teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 36, 23-30.
20.
Lanier, J. , & Little, J. (1986). Research on teacher education. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed.) pp. 527-569. New York, NY: Macmillan.
21.
Marcynski, T. J. , Siler, E. R., McLaughlin, M. L., & Smith, J. R. (1988). A comparative analysis of achievement in arts and science courses by teacher education and non-teacher education graduates. Journal of Teacher Education, 39, 32-36.
22.
Murphy, S. (Ed.) (1990). The education reform movement of the 1 980s. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing Co.
23.
National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) . (1992). 1990 Science report card. Washington D.C.: U. S. Department of Education.
24.
National Commission for Excellence in Teacher Education . (1985). A call for change in teacher education. Washington, D.C.American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education.
25.
National Commission on Excellence in Education . (1983). A nation at risk. Washington, D. C.
26.
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education . (1988). Standards, procedures, and policies for the accreditation of professional education units. Washington, D. C.: NCATE.
27.
Peters, R. (1977). Education and the education of teachers. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
28.
Reynolds, A. (1992). What is competent beginning teaching: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 62, 1-35.
29.
Schalock, D. (1983). Methodological considerations in future research and development in teacher education. In K. Howey & W. Gardener (Eds.) The education of teachers: A look ahead. (pp. 38-73). New York NY: Longman.
30.
Shulman, L. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57, 1-22.
31.
Sikula, J. (1990). National commission reports of the 1980s. In W. R. Houston, (Ed.) Handbook of Research in Teacher Education. Macmillan, 72-82.
32.
Skipper, C. E. , & Quantz, C. E. (1987). Changes in educational attitudes of education and arts and science students during four years of college. Journal of Teacher Education, 38(3), 39-44.
33.
Southern Regional Educational Board . (1985). Improving teacher education: An agenda for higher education and the schools. Atlanta: Author.
34.
Sykes, G. (1984). Teacher education and the predicaments of reform. In C. Finn, Jr., D. Ravitch, & R. T. Fancher Eds.) Against mediocrity. The humanities in America's high schools (pp. 172-194). New York, NY: Holmes and Meier.
35.
Veenman, S. (1984). The perceived problems of beginning teachers. Review of Educational Research, 54, 143-178.
36.
Womack, S. , Fleniken, D., & Ferguson, P. (1992) The impact of education coursework on teaching performance. Paper presented at the Arkansas AACTE/ATE Spring Conference, Little Rock.