Pinar focuses on the political and cur ricular aspects of reconceptualization. Addressing the issue of "academic bankruptcy" in schools, he examines selected Holmes proposals that serve as a response to the public's disillusion ment. Pinar defends the Holmes propos als, but suggests that they be modified to meet reconceptualist goals. Other wise, it remains to be seen whether the Holmes reforms will fall victim to the current zeal for standardized tests and quantifiable data, or whether the new programs will reflect the ideals of recon ceptualization.
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