An overview of research on the relation between measurable perceptual-motor skills in young children and academic success reveals a primitive state of the art. The relationship between perceptual strength and prescriptive teaching is examined. Commonly used diagnostic tests are described. Current usefulness of a carefully constructed and analyzed learning profile for early identification of potential learning problems, despite preset limitations, is discussed. The direction research must take to refine the spectrum of discrete, identifiable perceptual-motor skills is indicated.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alley, G.R.: Perceptual-motor performances of mentally retarded children after systematic visual-perceptual training. J. Mental Deficiency, 1968, 73, 247–280.
2.
Arcieri, L., Marcus, M., and Slavin, R.: The developmental learning program at P.S. 78. J. Learning Disabil., 1970, 3, 553–562.
3.
Ayres, A.J.: Patterns of perceptual-motor dysfunction in children: a factor analysis. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1965, 20, 335–365.
4.
Ball, T.S, and Owens, E.P.: Reading disability, perceptual continuity, and Phi thresholds. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1968, 26, 483–489.
5.
Bateman, B.: The efficacy of an auditory and a visual method of first grade reading instruction with auditory and visual learners. In: H.K. Smith (Ed.), Perception and Reading, Vol. 12, part 4: Newark, Del.: Internat. Reading Assn., 1967.
6.
Benger, K.: The relationships of perception, personality, intelligence, and grade 1 reading achievements. In: H.K. Smith (Ed.), Perception and Reading, Vol. 12, part 4; Newark, Del.: Internat. Reading Assn., 1967.
7.
Bruininks, R.H.: Teaching word recognition to disadvantaged boys. J. Learning Disabil., 1970, 3, 28–37.
8.
Busby, W.A, and Hurd, D.E.: Relationship of auditory and visual reaction times to reading achievement. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1968, 27, 447–480.
9.
DeGuire, A.: Early Identification, Diagnosis, and a Prescriptive Program of Instruction for Pupils with Learning Disabilities, Title III, ESEA, Proj. 68-5499, Final Project Report, 1971.
10.
DeHirsch, K., Jansky, J.J., and Langford, W.: Pre-dicting Reading Failure. New York: Harper and Row, 1966.
11.
Dember, W.N.: The Psychology of Perception. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1960, pp. 247–251.
12.
Edgar, C.L., Ball, T.S., and Mclntyre, R.B.: Effects of sensori-motor training on adaptive behavior. J. Mental Deficiency, 1969, 73, 713–720.
13.
Elkind, D., and Deblingei, J.: Perceptual training and reading achievement in disadvantaged children. Child Development, 1969, 40/1, 11–19.
14.
Eysenck, H.J., Eastings, M.S., and Eysenck, S.B.G.: Personality measurement in children: a dimensional approach. J. Special Education, 1970, 4/3, 261–277.
15.
Farnham-Diggory, S. and Bermon, M.: Visual compensation, cognitive synthesis, and conservation. Merrill Palmer Quart. of Behavior and Development, 1968, 14, 215–227.
16.
Feldman, S.C., Schmidt, D.E., and Deutsch, C.: Effects of auditory training on reading skills of retarded readers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1968, 26, 467–480.
17.
Ford, M.P.: Auditory-visual and tactual-visual integration in relation to reading ability. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1967, 24, 831–841.
18.
Frierson, E.C, and Barbe, W.B.: Educating Children with Learning Disabilities. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1970.
19.
Frostig, M.: Testing as a basis for educational therapy. J. Spec. Educ, 1967, 2/1, 15–34.
20.
Frostig, M., and Horne, D.: The Frostig Program for Development of Visual Perception. Teachers Manual. Chicago: Follett, 1964.
21.
Goins, J.: Visual Perception and Ability to Read. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago, 1958.
22.
Hammill, D.D., Colarusso, R.P., and Weiderholt, J.L.: Diagnostic value of the Frostig test: a factor analytic approach. J. Special Education, 1970, 4/3, 279–282.
23.
Hanson, D.S.: The effect of a concentrated program in movement behavior on the affective behavior of four-year-old children at University Elementary School. Doctoral dissertation, UCLA, 1970.
Jordan, D.: ANISA curriculum project working papers. Amherst: Univ. of Mass., 1971.
26.
Kahn, D., and Birch, H.G.: Development of auditory-visual integration and reading achievement. Per-ceptual and Motor Skills, 1968, 27, 459–463.
27.
Kass, C.E.: Psycholinguistic disabilities of children with reading problems. Exceptional Child., 1966, 32/8, 533–539.
28.
Keogh, B.K, and Smith, C.E.: Visuo-motor ability for school prediction: a seven-year-study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1967, 25, 101–110.
29.
Kirk, S.A, and Kirk, W.D.: Psycholinguistic Learning Disabilities: Diagnosis and Remediation. Urbana: Univ. of III. Press, 1971.
30.
Maloney, M.F., Ball, T.S., and Edgar, C.I.: Analysis of generalizeability of sensori-motor training. Amer. J. Mental Deficiency, Jan. 1970, 74, 458–469.
31.
Myklebust, H.R., et al.: Minimum Brain Damage in Children. Washington, D.C.: PHS DHEW, June 1969.
32.
Rychlak, J.F.: Personality factors in self and peer evaluation of WISC performance intelligence among middle-class children. J. Special Education, 1970, 4/3, 269–277.
33.
Sabatino, D.A, and Hayden, D.L.: Psychoeducational study of selected behavioral variables with children failing the elementary grades. J. Exp. Edu., 1970(a) 38/4, 40–57.
34.
Sabatino, D.A, and Hayden, D.L.: Variation in information processing behavior. J. Learning Disabil., 1970(b), 3, 404–412.
35.
Saphier, J.D.: Mental measurement and school success. Unpublished paper, Univ. of Mass., School of Education, 1972.
36.
Singer, R.N, and Brunk, J.W.: Relation of perceptual-motor ability and intellectual ability in elementary school children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1967, 24, 967–970.
37.
Skubic, V., and Anderson, M.: The interrelationship of perceptual-motor achievement, academic achievement, and intelligence of 4th grade children. J. Learning Disabil., 1970, 3, 413–420.
38.
Stephens, B.: Training the Developmentally Young. New York: John Day, 1971.
39.
Stuart, I.R.: Perceptual style and reading ability: implications for an instructional approach. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1967, 24, 135–138.
40.
Valett, R.: Remediation of Learning Disabilities. Palo Alto, Calif., Fearon Publ., 1968.
Wepman, J.: Auditory discrimination, its role in language comprehension, formulation, and use. Pediatrics Clinics of North America, August 1968, 15/3.
43.
Werner, E.E., Simonian, K., and Smith, R.S.: Reading achievement, language development, and perceptual-motor development of 10 and 11 year olds. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1967, 25, 409–420.
