To date, the precise etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is uncertain. Vitamin D plays a key role in hard tissue formation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) status and dental health data obtained from 1,048 children in a 10-year follow-up of the Munich GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts. The dental examination included the diagnosis of MIH and recording of (non-)cavitated caries lesions in primary and permanent teeth. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were taken from blood samples of the 10-year investigation and measured with a fully automated, modular system. Different logistic regression and Poisson hurdle models were calculated. MIH was diagnosed in 13.6% of the study population. Approximately 16.4% of the children demonstrated caries-related defects (D3-4MFS > 0). The mean season-adjusted concentration of 25(OH)D was 75.8 nmol/l (standard deviation 22.0 nmol/l). After adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, parental education, equivalent income, and television/personal computer (TV/PC) viewing hours, a 10 nmol/l increase in serum 25(OH)D concentrations was significantly associated with a lower odds ratio of having MIH (OR = 0.89; P = 0.006). Furthermore, higher 25(OH)D values were associated with a lower number of caries-affected permanent teeth. It is concluded that elevated serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with better dental health parameters.
AlaluusuaS. 2010. Aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 11(2):53–58.
2.
BalasubramanianSDhanalakshmiKAmperayaniS. 2013. Vitamin D deficiency in childhood – a review of current guidelines on diagnosis and management. Indian Pediatr. 50(7):669–675.
3.
BerdalABailleul-ForestierIDavideauJLLezotF. 2005. Dentoalveolar bone complex and vitamin D. In: FeldmanDPikeJWGlorieuxFH, editors. Vitamin D. San Diego (CA): Elsevier Academic Press. p. 599–607.
4.
BerdalAPapagerakisPHottonDBailleul-ForestierIDavideauJL. 1995. Ameloblasts and odontoblasts, target-cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a review. Int J Dev Biol. 39(1):257–262.
5.
BraeggerCCampoyCColombVDecsiTDomellofMFewtrellMHojsakIMihatschWMolgaardCShamirR.; ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. 2013. Vitamin D in the healthy European paediatric population. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 56(6):692–701.
6.
CrombieFMantonDKilpatrickN. 2009. Aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a critical review. Int J Paediatr Dent. 19(2):73–83.
7.
FosterBLNocitiFHJrSomermanMJ. 2014. The rachitic tooth. Endocr Rev. 35(1):1–34.
8.
GrantWB. 2011. A review of the role of solar ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin D in reducing risk of dental caries. Dermatoendocrinol. 3(3):193–198.
9.
HeinrichJBolteGHölscherBDouwesJLehmannIFahlbuschBBischofWWeissMBorteMWichmannHE; LISA Study Group. 2002. Allergens and endotoxin on mothers’ mattresses and total immunoglobulin E in cord blood of neonates. Eur Respir J. 20(3):617–623.
10.
HeitmüllerDThieringEHoffmannUHeinrichJMantonDKühnischJNeumannCBauerCPHeinrich-WeltzienRHickelR; GINIplus Study Group. 2013. Is there a positive relationship between molar-incisor-hypomineralisations and the presence of dental caries. Int J Paediatr Dent. 23(2):116–124.
11.
HujoelPP. 2013. Vitamin D and dental caries in controlled clinical trials: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 71(2):88–97.
12.
JackmanS. 2012. Classes and methods for R developed in the political science computational laboratory, Stanford University. R package version 1.04.4. Stanford (CA): Department of Political Science, Stanford University; [accessed November 6, 2014]. http://pscl.stanford.edu/.
13.
KühnischJBücherKHenschelVAlbrechtAGarcia-GodoyFMansmannUHickelRHeinrich-WeltzienR. 2011. Diagnostic performance of the Universal Visual Scoring System (UniViSS) on occlusal surfaces. Clin Oral Invest. 15(2):215–223.
14.
KühnischJHeitmüllerDThieringEBrockowIHoffmannUNeumannCHeinrich-WeltzienRBauerCPvon BergAKoletzkoS. 2014. Prevalence and extent of manifestation of Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisations according to different phenotypes. J Public Health Dent. 74(1):42–49.
15.
LipsP. 2006. Vitamin D physiology. Prog Biophys Mol Biol92(1):4–8.
16.
LygidakisNAWongFJälevikBVierrouAAlaluusuaSEspelidI. 2010. Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH). An EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 11(2):75–81.
17.
MacdonaldHM. 2013. Contributions of sunlight and diet to vitamin D status. Calcif Tissue Int. 92(2):163–176.
18.
PapagerakisPMacDougallMHottonMDBailleul-ForestierIOboeufMBerdalA. 2003. Expression of amelogenin in odontoblasts. Bone. 32(3):228–240.
19.
PittsNB, editor. 2009. Detection, assessment, diagnosis and monitoring of caries. Basel (Switzerland): Karger. (Monographs in oral science; vol. 21).
20.
PłudowskiPKarczmarewiczEBayerMCarterGChlebna-SokółDCzech-KowalskaJDębskiRDecsiTDobrzańskaAFranekE. 2013. Practical guidelines for the supplementation of vitamin D and the treatment of deficits in Central Europe - recommended vitamin D intakes in the general population and groups at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Endokrynologia Polska. 64(4):319–327.
21.
PreisserJSStammJWLongDLKincadeME. 2012. Review and recommendations for zero-inflated count regression modeling of dental caries indices in epidemiological studies. Caries Res. 46(4):413–423.
22.
R Core Team. 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. [accessed November 6, 2014]. http://www.R-project.org/.
23.
SchrothRJLeviJASellersEAFrielJKliewerEMoffattME. 2013. Vitamin D status of children with severe early childhood caries: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr. 13:174.
24.
von BergAFilipiak-PittroffBKrämerUHoffmannBLinkEBeckmannCHoffmannUReinhardtDGrüblAHeinrichJ. 2013. Allergies in high-risk schoolchildren after early intervention with cow’s milk protein hydrolysates: 10-year results from the German Infant Nutritional Intervention (GINI) study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 131(6):1565–1573.
25.
von ElmEAltmanDGEggerMPocockSJGøtzschePCVandenbrouckeJP; STROBE Initiative. 2008. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 61(4):344–349.
26.
WoodSN. 2003. Thin-plate regression splines. J Royal Stat Soc B. 65(1):95–114.
27.
World Health Organization. 1997. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 4th ed. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization.
28.
ZeileisAKleiberCJackmanS. 2008. Regression models for count data in R. J Stat Software. [accessed November 6, 2014];27(8):1–25. http://www.jstatsoft.org/v27/i08/.
29.
ZhanYSamietzSHoltfreterBHannemannAMeiselPNauckMVölzkeHWallaschofskiHDietrichTKocherT. 2014. Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and tooth loss. J Dent Res. 93(7):639–644.
30.
ZutavernABrockowISchaafBBolteGvon BergADiezUBorteMHerbarthOWichmannHEHeinrichJ; LISA Study Group. 2006. Timing of solid food introduction in relation to atopic dermatitis and atopic sensitization: results from a prospective birth cohort study. Pediatrics. 117(2):401–411.
