Development of high-performance areca sheath fibre preform-reinforced epoxy composites for enhanced mechanical properties

Abstract

This study examines the fabrication and mechanical testing of areca sheath fiber-reinforced epoxy composites as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fiber composites for lightweight uses. In line with global sustainability efforts such as COP27 and the urgent need to cut CO₂ emissions, there is increasing demand for renewable, biodegradable materials to replace petroleum-based composites in non-critical structural roles. Areca fibers were treated with 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to boost fiber-matrix interfacial bonding and were individualized to improve packing density and load distribution. Fibers measuring 5 mm long showed optimal performance, with alkali-treated composites achieving notable improvements in mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 91.94 MPa and a flexural strength of 172.26 MPa, 20% and 36% higher than untreated composites, respectively. These gains are due to higher fiber volume fraction, reduced void content, and better interfacial adhesion. While these composites do not match the strength of high-performance synthetic fibers, they are lightweight, affordable, and environmentally friendly. This makes them suitable for non-critical structural uses in automotive interiors, construction, and other sustainability-focused sectors. Future research should focus on scaling up production processes and enhancing durability under different environmental conditions.