Erosion behavior of turbine blades due to sand and salt particles

Abstract

This study investigates the degradation of wind turbine blades (WTBs) exposed to the atmospheric conditions of tropical coastal environments. A wind tunnel experimental methodology was employed to simulate the erosive effects of airborne particulates, focusing on the influence of salt and sand particles. Specimens were subjected to controlled wind speeds and impact angles to assess material wear mechanisms. The results indicated that a 45° impact angle led to increased material loss due to both normal and tangential impact components. The highest mass loss recorded was 0.78% in the salt and sand particles test, while the most significant increase in surface roughness was 1.89 µm at a 90° impact angle, confirming the severe impact of perpendicular erosion. SEM analysis revealed that fiberglass delamination contributed to the degradation process, particularly in high-impact scenarios. These findings provide insights into material behavior under extreme coastal conditions and emphasize the need for improved protective coatings and maintenance strategies for WTBs in tropical maritime regions.