Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The fracture behavior of hybrid carbon and glass fiber woven-ply reinforced polyether ether ketone thermoplastic quasi-isotropic laminates is investigated. Single-edge-notch bending and single-edge-notch tensile tests were conducted at room temperature and at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (T_g) to study the influence of both the constraint effect and the temperature on the strain energy release rate in laminates with ductile polyether ether ketone matrix and brittle fibers. As failure is primarily driven by fibers breakage in tension (single-edge-notch tensile test) and in tension/compression (single-edge-notch bending), it turns out that a temperature increase has very little influence on the mode I critical translaminar fracture toughness K_Ic though the ductility of polyether ether ketone matrix is exacerbated at T > T_g. It also appears that the constraint effect has very little influence on K_Ic as single-edge-notch tensile test and single-edge-notch bending specimens have virtually the same mean value (about 45MPa. $\sqrt{m}$ ). Single-edge-notch bending specimens being characterized by a gradual failure, the G-R curves were derived from the computation of the compliance loss and the corresponding gradual crack growth in agreement with the ASTM standard E1820. From the evolution of the G-R curves at high temperature, the highly ductile behavior of the polyether ether ketone matrix at T > T_g provides a good intrinsic toughness to the material, and the bridging of translaminar crack by the glass fibers at the outer surfaces of laminates contribute to a moderate increase in its extrinsic toughness.

Keywords

Fracture mechanics high temperature mechanical testing R-curves thermoplastic

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Ritchie

. Mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in ductile and brittle solids. Int J Fract 1999; 100: 55–83.

Hertzberg

Vinci

Hertzberg

. Element of fracture mechanics. In: Hertzberg RW (ed.) Deformation and fracture mechanics of engineering materials, 5th ed. Hoboken, USA: Wiley & Sons, 1996. .

Launey

Ritchie

. On the fracture toughness of advanced materials. Adv Mater 2009; 21: 2103–2110.

Tardiff

. Fracture mechanics of brittle matrix ductile fiber composites. Eng Fract Mech 1973; 5: 1–10.

Naerheim

. Fracture characteristics of a ductile-matrix/brittle-fiber composite. Metall Transact A 1976; 7: 63–70.

Kim

Mai

. The effect of interfacial coating and temperature on the fracture behaviours of unidirectional KFRP and CFRP. J Mater Sci 1991; 26: 4701–4720.

Fracasso

Rink

Pavan

et al.

The effects of strain-rate and temperature on the interlaminar fracture toughness of interleaved PEEK/CF composites. Compos Sci Technol 2001; 61: 57–63.

Jacob

Starbuck

Fellers

et al.

The effect of loading rate on the fracture toughness of fiber reinforced polymer composites. J Appl Polymer Sci 2005; 96: 899–904.

Kassapoglou

. Modeling the effect of damage in composite structures: simplified approaches, 1st ed. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2015, pp. 41–56. .

10.

Laffan

Pinho

Robinson

et al.

Translaminar fracture toughness testing of composites: a review. Polym Test 2012; 31: 481–489.

11.

Vieille

. Evolution of the strain energy release rate during ductile or brittle failure in woven-ply reinforced thermoplastic laminates under high temperature conditions. Polym Compos 2018. DOI: 10.1002/pc.24612.

12.

Reifsnider

Damage and damage mechanics. In: Reifsnider

(ed). Fatigue of composite materials, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers BV, 1990, pp. 11–78.

13.

Jones

. Other analysis and behavior topics. In: Mechanics of composite materials, 2nd ed. London, UK: Taylor & Francis, 1999, pp. 345.

14.

Harris

A historical review of the fatigue behavior of fiber-reinforced plastics. In: Harris

(ed). Fatigue in composites – science and technology of the fatigue response of fiber-reinforced plastics, Woodhead Publishing, 2003, pp. 3–35.

15.

Wells

Beaumont

PWR

. Crack-tip energy absorption processes in fibre composites. J Mater Sci 1985; 20: 2735–2749.

16.

Vieille

Chabchoub

Bouscarrat

et al.

A fracture mechanics approach using acoustic emission technique to investigate damage evolution in woven-ply thermoplastic structures at temperatures higher than glass transition temperature. Compos B 2017; 116: 340–351.

17.

Vieille

Chabchoub

Gautrelet

. Influence of matrix ductility and toughness on strain energy release rate and failure behavior of woven-ply reinforced thermoplastic structures at high temperature. Compos B Eng 2018; 132: 125–140.

18.

Beaumont

PWR

Physical modelling of damage development in structural composite materials under stress. In: Harris

(ed). Fatigue in composites: science and technology of the fatigue response of fiber-reinforced plastics, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Ltd., 2003, pp. 365–412.

19.

Lauke

Pompe

. Fracture toughness of short-fibre reinforced thermoplastics. Compos Sci Technol 1986; 26: 37–57.

20.

Munro

Lai

CPZ

. The elevated-temperature dependence of fracture energy mechanisms by hybrid carbon-glass fiber reinforced composites. J Mater Sci 1988; 26: 4701–4720.

21.

Wells

Beaumont

PWR

. The prediction of R-curves and notched tensile strength for composite laminates. J Mater Sci 1987; 22: 1457–1468.

22.

Kim

K-Y

Phoa

K-M

. Interlaminar fracture toughness of CF/PEI and GF/PEI composites at elevated temperatures. Appl Compos Mater 2004; 11: 173–190.

23.

Flore

Stampfer

Wegener

. Experimental and numerical failure analysis of notched quasi-unidirectional laminates at room temperature and elevated temperature. Compos Struct 2017; 160: 128–141.

24.

Ortega

Maimí

González

et al.

Translaminar fracture toughness of interply hybrid laminates under tensile and compressive loads. Compos Sci Technol 2017; 143: 1–12.

25.

Dubary

Taconet

Bouvet

et al.

Influence of temperature on the impact behavior and damage tolerance of hybrid woven-ply thermoplastic laminates for aeronautical applications. Compos Struct 2017; 168: 663–674.

26.

Test standard EN 6035, Aerospace series – Fiber-reinforced plastics – Test Method – Determination of notched and unnotched tensile strength. Published by the European Association of Aerospace Industries (AECMA), April 1996.

27.

Test standard EN 2562, Aerospace series – Carbon Fiber-reinforced plastics – Test Method – Unidirectional laminates, flexural test parallel to the fiber direction. Published by the European Association of Aerospace Industries (AECMA), March1997.

28.

Sih

Chen

Cracks in composite materials. In: Sih

(ed). Mechanics of fracture 1981; Vol 6, London: Martinus Nijoff Publishers.

29.

Vieille

Chabchoub

Bouscarrat

et al.

Prediction of the notched strength of woven-ply polyphenylene sulfide thermoplastic composites at a constant high temperature by a physically-based model. Compos Struct 2016; 153: 529–537.

30.

ASTM standard E1820 test method. Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2018. DOI: 10.1520/E1820-18.

31.

Tada

Paris

Irwin

. The stress analysis of cracks handbook, 3rd ed. New York, USA: ASME Press, 2000.

32.

Tan

. Stress concentration in laminated composites, Lancaster, PA: Technomic Pub. Co., 1994.

33.

Gross B and Srawley JE. Stress intensity factors for single-edge-notch tension specimens by boundary collocation of a stress function. NASA TN D-2395, 1964.

34.

Talreja

Fatigue damage mechanisms. In: Talreja

Varna

(eds). Modeling damage, fatigue and failure of composite materials, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015.

35.

Kim

J-K

Mai

Y-W

. Interface mechanics and fracture toughness theories. In: Kim JK and Mai YW (eds) Engineered interfaces in fiber reinforced composites, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1998.

36.

Allaer

De Baere

Van Paepegem

et al.

Direct fracture toughness determination of a ductile epoxy polymer from digital image correlation measurements on a single edge notched bending sample. Polym Test 2015; 42: 199–207.

37.

Chawla

. Ceramic matrix composites, London: Chapman & Hall, 1993.

Fracture mechanics of hybrid composites with ductile matrix and brittle fibers: Influence of temperature and constraint effect

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References