Sintered bodies of hydroxyapatite, derived from calcinated bovine bone (BHA) and doped with 0.5 and 1 wt% Y2O3, were prepared. Measurements of density, compression strength, and microhardness, along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out. The experimental results showed that BHA doping with yttria favors formation of glassy phase, which advances sintering and results in a dense and reinforced BHA matrix. The best mechanical properties were achieved after sintering at 1200°C for compressive strength (82MPa) and 1300°C for microhardness (672HV). These results are better than pure BHA or composites of hydroxyapatite with Y2O3-stablized zirconia, qualifying yttria (as dopant of BHA) for further in vitro and in vivo experimentation.
Oktar, F.N. (2007). Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Enamel Hydroxyapatite, Ceramics International, 33(7): 1309-1314.
2.
Erkmen, E.Z., Genc, Y. and Oktar, F.N. (2007). The Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite - Zirconia Composites, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 90(9): 2285-2892.
3.
Goller, G. and Oktar, F.N. (2002). Sintering Effects on Mechanical Properties of Biologically Derived Dentine Hydroxyapatite, Materials Letters , 56(3): 142-147.
4.
Oktar, F.N. and Goller, G. (2002). Sintering Effects on Mechanical Properties of Glass-reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composites, Ceramics International , 28(6): 617-621.
Kurkcu, M., Benlidayi, M.E., Ozsoy, S., Ozyegin, L.S., Oktar, F.N. and Kurtoglu, C. (2008). Histomorphometric Evaluation of Implants Coated with Enamel and Dentine Derived Hydroxyapatite, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 19(1): 59-65.
7.
Ozyegin, S., Oktar, F.N., Goller, G., Kayali, E.S. and Yazici, T. (2004). Plasma-Sprayed Bovine Hydroxyapatite, Materials Letters, 58(21): 2605-2609.
8.
Oktar, F.N., Agathopoulos, S., Gunduz, O., Demirkol, N., Bozkurt, Y. and Salman, S. (2007). Influence of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Composite Biomaterials of Bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA) Doped with Various Oxides (SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, ZrO2), Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine,18(11): 2137-2143.
9.
Rocha, J.H.G. , Lemos, A.F., Agathopoulos , S., Valerio, P., Kannan, S., Oktar, F.N. and Ferreira, J.M.F. (2005). Scaffolds for Bone Restoration from Cuttlefish, Bone, 37(6): 850-857.
10.
Oktar, F.N. , Yetmez, M., Agathopoulos, S., Goerne Lopez, T.M., Goller, G., Peker, I. and Ferreira, J.M.F. (2006). Bond-Coating in Plasma-Sprayed Calcium-Phosphate Coatings, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 17(11): 1161-1171.
11.
Nath, S., Sinha, N. and Basu, B. (corrected proof, available online 15 June 2007). Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Microwave Sintered Calcia-Doped Zirconia for Biomedical Applications, Ceramics International (article in press).
12.
Luthardta, R.G., Holzhutera, M.S., Rudolpha, H., Herold, V. and Walter, M.H. (2004). CAD/ CAM-Machining Effects on Y-TZP Zirconia, Dental Materials, 20(7): 655-662.
13.
Chevalier, J. (2006). What Future for Zirconia as a Biomaterial, Biomaterials, 27(4): 535-543.
14.
Jerome, J.J. , Deville, S., Munch, E. and Jullian, R. (2004). Critical Effect on Cubic Phase on Aging 3mol% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Ceramics for Hip Replacement Prosthesis, Biomaterials, 25(24): 5539-5545.
15.
Constantini, A., Fresa, R., Buri, A. and Branda, F. (1997). Effect of the Substituation of Y2O3 for CaO on the Bioactivity of 2.5CaO.2SiO2 Glass, Biomaterials, 18(6): 453-458.
16.
Khalil, A.B. , Kim, S.W. and Kim, Y.K. (2007). Consolidation and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite-(ZrO2 + 3 mol% Y2O3) Bioceramics by High-Frequency Induction Heat Sintering, Materials Science Engineering A, 456: 368-372.
17.
Aydin, M.M. , Ozyegin, L.S., Oktar, F.N., Erkmen, E.Z., Anzabi, O. and Gross, K. (2006). Plasma Sprayed Zirconia-Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings, Key Engineering Materials, 309-311: 631-634.
18.
Heness, G. and Ben-Nissan, B. (2004). Innovative Bioceramics, Materials Forum, 27: 104-114.
19.
Oktar, F.N., Kesenci, K. and Piskin, E. (1999). Characterization of Processed Tooth Hydroxyapatite for Potential Applications in Biomedical Implant Applications, Artificial Cell Blood Sub. Immob. Biotech., 27: 367-379.
20.
Goller, G., Oktar, F.N., Agathopoulos, S., Tulyaganov, D.U., Ferreira, J.M.F., Kayali, E.S. and Peker, I. (2006). Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA), Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 37(2): 111-115.
21.
Goren, S., Gokbayrak, H. and Altintas, S. (2004). Production of Hydroxyapatite from Animal Bones , Key Engineering Materials, 264-268: 1949-1952.
22.
Gokbayrak, H. (1996). Production of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics, M.Sc. Thesis, Bogazici University, Istanbul .
23.
Genc, Y. (2003). Use of Factorial Design of Experiments in the Development of Zirconia Toughened Hydroxyapatite Composites, M.Sc. Thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul.
