Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to analyze the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and talc powder (talc) on the objective (radial expansion ratio, bulk density, compressibility, and spring index) attributes of a biodegradable cushioning extrudate. A rotatable central composite design (CCD) is used to develop models for the objective responses. The experiments are run at 125 C with a feed rate of 27.8 L/h, a screw speed of 215 rpm, and a die diameter of 3.92 mm. Responses are most affected by changes in PVA levels and to a lesser extent by talc levels. Individual contour plots of the different responses are overlaid, and regions meeting the optimum radial expansion ratio of 3.14, the bulk density of 0.106 g/cm³, the compressibility of 56.12 N, and the spring index of 0.892 are identified at the PVA level of 32% and the talc level of 4%, respectively.

Keywords

extrusion talc powder (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2)biodegradable cellular foams RSM optimization

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Altieri, P.A. and Tessler, M.M. (1996). US Patent 5 554 660.

Bastioli, C., Bellotti, V., Del Giudici, L., Lombi, R. and Rallis, A. US Patent 5 360 830 (1994); US Patent 5 589 830 (1994); US Patent 5 736 586 (1998); US Patent 5 801 207 (1998).

Bhatnagar, S. and Hanna, M.A. (1996). Starch-based Plastic Foams from Various Starch Sources , Cereal Chem., 73: 601-604 .

Bhatnagar, S. and Hanna, M.A. (1995). Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Starch-based Plastic Foams , Trans ASAE, 38(2): 567-571 .

Boehmer, E.W. and Hanlon, D.L. (1993). US Patent 5 272 181.

Malcolmson, L.J. , Matsuo, R.R. and Balshaw, R. (1993). Effects of Drying Temperature and Farina Blending on Spaghetti Quality using Response Surface Methodology , Cereal Chemistry, 70: 1-7 .

Neumann, P.E. and Seib, P.A. US Patent 5 185 382 (1993); US Patent 5 208 267 (1993).

Roesser, D.S., Nevling, J., Rawlins, D.C. and Billmers, R.J. (2000). US Patent 6 107 371.

Saxena, D.C. and Rao, P.H. (1996). Optimization of Ingredients and Process Conditions for the Preparation of Tandori Roti using Response Surface Methodology , International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 31: 345-351 .

10.

Shelke, K. , Dick, J.W. , Holm, Y.F. and Loo, K.S. (1990). Chinese Wet Noodle Formulation: A Response Surface Methodology Study , Cereal Chemistry, 67: 572-574 .

11.

Thakur, Sushma and Saxena, D.C. (2000). Formulation of Extruded Snack Food (Gum Based Cereal Pulse Blend): Optimization of Ingredients Levels Using Response Surface Methodology , Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol., 33: 354-361 .

12.

Tatarka, P.D. and Cunningham, R.L. (1998). J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 67: 1157-1176 .

13.

Tatarka, P.D. (1995). SPE ANTEC Proceedings, Vol. 53, pp. 2225-2231 .

14.

Vainionpaa, J. and Malkki, Y. (1987). Extrusion Cooking in the Manufacture of Intermediate Moisture Food and Feed , In: Ghee, A.H. (ed.), 7th World Congress of Food Science and Technology, Singapore Institute of Food Science and Technology, Singapore, pp. 338-345 .

15.

Vaisey-Genser, M. , Ylimaki, G. and Johnson, B. (1987). The Selection of Canola Oil, Water, and an Emulsifier System in Cake Formulation by Response Surface Methodology , Cereal Chemistry, 64: 50-54 .

16.

Willett, J.L. and Shogren, R.L. (2002). Processing and Properties of Extruded Starch/Polymer Foams , Polymer, 43: 5935-5947 .

17.

Xu, W. and Doane, W.M. US Patent 5 665 786 (1997); US Patent 5 854 345 (1998).

18.

Yang, J.H. , Park, J. , Kim, D. and Lee, D. (2004). Effects of Calcium Carbonate as the Expanding Inhibitor on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends , Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 93: 1762-1768 .

Study on the Optimum Feed Compositions of Biodegradable Cellular Foams Blend with Talc Powder (Talc)

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References