Family members tend to modify their routine by assisting or participating in the patient’s rituals. These behaviors have been identified as family accommodation (FA).
Aims:
The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between family accommodation of relatives of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients and their perceptions about the obsessions and compulsions of the patient.
Method:
This was a cross-sectional study with family members of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in a Southern Brazilian city. The family perception of the OCD symptoms and their accommodation were assessed through the Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – Interviewer-Rated (FAS-IR).
Results:
The level of family accommodation was higher in those family members who lived with the patient when compared to those who did not live with them (p = .011). The obsessions associated with higher levels of family accommodation were: contamination (p < .001), hoarding/saving (p = .001), symmetry/exactness (p = .001), religious (p = .019), and diverse (p = .003). Regarding compulsions, the perception of all symptoms was associated with higher levels of family accommodation (p < .05).
Conclusion:
The family accommodation is present in family members of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients, regardless of the type of obsessive/compulsive symptom perceived.
AlbertU.BaffaA.MainaG. (2017). Family accommodation in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical perspectives. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 10, 293–304. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s124359
2.
AlbertU.BogettoF.MainaG.SaraccoP.BrunattoC.Mataix-ColsD. (2010). Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Relation to symptom dimensions, clinical and family characteristics. Psychiatry Research, 179(2), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.06.008
3.
American Psychiatric Association. (2014). DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (5th ed.). Artmed Editora.
4.
AmorimP. (2000). Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): validação de entrevista breve para diagnóstico de transtornos mentais. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 22, 106–115.
5.
Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. (2012). Dados com base no Levantamento Sócio Econômico (IBOPE). www.abep.org
6.
BlackD. W.MonahanP.GableJ.BlumN.ClancyG.BakerP. (1998). Hoarding and treatment response in 38 nondepressed subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(8), 420–425.
7.
BlochM. H.Landeros-WeisenbergerA.RosarioM. C.PittengerC.LeckmanJ. F. (2008). Meta-analysis of the symptom structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(12), 1532–1542. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08020320
8.
CalvocoressiL.LewisB.HarrisM.TrufanS. J.GoodmanW. K.McDougleC. J.PriceL. H. (1995). Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(3), 441–443. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.152.3.441
9.
CalvocoressiL.MazureC. M.KaslS. V.SkolnickJ.FiskD.VegsoS. J.Van NoppenB. L.PriceL. H. (1999). Family accommodation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: instrument development and assessment of family behavior. The Journal Nervous and Mental Disease, 187(10), 636–642.
10.
CherianA. V.PandianD.Bada MathS.KandavelT.Janardhan ReddyY. C. (2014). Family accommodation of obsessional symptoms and naturalistic outcome of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 215(2), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.017
11.
CooperM. (1993). A group for families of obsessive-compulsive persons. Families in Society, 74(5), 301–307.
12.
CooperM. (1996). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Effects on family members. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 66(2), 296–304.
13.
CordioliA. V. (2008). Vencendo o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo: Manual de terapia cognitivo-comportamental para pacientes e terapeutas. (2nd ed.). Artmed.
14.
CullenB.BrownC. H.RiddleM. A.GradosM.BienvenuO. J.Hoehn-SaricR.ShugartY. Y.LiangK.-Y.SamuelsJ.NestadtG. (2007). Factor analysis of the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale in a family study of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 24(2), 130–138. https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/da.20204
15.
FerrãoY. A.FlorãoM. d. S. (2010). Family accommodation and perceived criticism in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 59(1), 34–43.
16.
GomesJ. B.CalvocoressiL.Van NoppenB.PatoM.MeyerE.BragaD. T.KristensenC. H.CordioliA. V. (2010). Translation and adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – interviewer-Rated (FAS-IR). Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 32, 102–112.
17.
GomesJ. B.CordioliA.Van NoppenB.PatoM.Wolitzky-TaylorK.GonçalvesF.HeldtE. (2015). Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder – Interviewer-Rated (FAS-IR), Brazilian Portuguese version: Internal consistency, reliability, and exploratory factor analysis. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57, 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.017
18.
GomesJ. B.Van NoppenB.PatoM.BragaD. T.MeyerE.BortoncelloC. F.CordioliA. V. (2014). Patient and family factors associated with family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 68(8), 621–630. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12172
19.
GuedesM. L. (2001). Relação família-paciente no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 23, 65–67.
20.
LeeE.SteinbergD.PhillipsL.HartJ.SmithA.WetterneckC. (2015). Examining the effects of accommodation and caregiver burden on relationship satisfaction in caregivers of individuals with OCD. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 79(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2015.79.1.1
21.
MainaG.SaraccoP.AlbertU. (2006). Family-focused treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 3(6), 382–390.
22.
Mataix-ColsD.Rosario-CamposM. C.LeckmanJ. F. (2005). A multidimensional model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 228–238. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.228
23.
PintoA.GreenbergB. D.GradosM. A.BienvenuO. J.3rdSamuelsJ. F.MurphyD. L.HaslerG.StoutR. L.RauchS. L.ShugartY. Y.PaulsD. L.KnowlesJ. A.FyerA. J.McCrackenJ. T.PiacentiniJ.WangY.WillourV. L.CullenB.LiangK. Y.Hoehn-SaricR.RiddleM. A.RasmussenS. A.NestadtG. (2008). Further development of YBOCS dimensions in the OCD collaborative Genetics study: Symptoms vs. categories. Psychiatry Research, 160(1), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.010
24.
PintoA.Van NoppenB.CalvocoressiL. (2013). Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of a self-rated version of the Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2012.06.001
25.
Ramos-CerqueiraA. T.TorresA. R.TorresanR. C.NegreirosA. P.VitorinoC. N. (2008). Emotional burden in caregivers of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 25(12), 1020–1027. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20431
26.
RenshawK. D.SteketeeG.ChamblessD. L. (2005). Involving family members in the treatment of OCD. Cognitive Behaviour Theraphy, 34(3), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070510043732
27.
Rosario-CamposM. C.MiguelE. C.QuatranoS.ChaconP.FerraoY.FindleyD.KatsovichL.ScahillL.KingR. A.WoodyS. R.TolinD.HollanderE.KanoY.LeckmanJ. F. (2006). The Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS): an instrument for assessing obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions. Molecular Psychiatry, 11(5), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001798
28.
SchulzeD.KathmannN.ReuterB. (2018). Getting it just right: A reevaluation of OCD symptom dimensions integrating traditional and Bayesian approaches. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 56, 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.04.003.
29.
SheehanD. V.LecrubierY.SheehanK. H.AmorimP.JanavsJ.WeillerE.HerguetaT.BakerR.DunbarG. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (59Suppl 20), 22–33;quiz 34-57.
30.
SteketeeG.Van NoppenB. (2003). Family approaches to treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 25(1), 43–50.
31.
StewartS. E.BeresinC.HaddadS.Egan StackD.FamaJ.JenikeM. (2008). Predictors of family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 20(2), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.3109/10401230802017043
32.
StewartS. E.RosarioM. C.BaerL.CarterA. S.BrownT. A.ScharfJ. M.IllmannC.LeckmanJ. F.SukhodolskyD.KatsovichL.RasmussenS.GoodmanW.DelormeR.LeboyerM.ChabaneN.JenikeM. A.GellerD. A.PaulsD. L. (2008). Four-factor structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(7), 763–772. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318172ef1e
33.
StraussC.HaleL.StobieB. (2015). A meta-analytic review of the relationship between family accommodation and OCD symptom severity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 33, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.05.006
34.
TorresA. R.HoffN. T.PadovaniC. R.Ramos-CerqueiraA. T. (2012). Dimensional analysis of burden in family caregivers of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 66(5), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02365.x
35.
VermaP.MahourP.DalalP.AgarwalV. (2019). Severity and dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder and family accommodation: OCD severity and family accommodation. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 6(1).
36.
VikasA.AvasthiA.SharanP. (2011). Psychosocial impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on patients and their caregivers: A comparative study with depressive disorder. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764010347333
37.
VorstenboschV.AntonyM. M.MonsonC. M.RowaK. (2015). Family accommodation in problem hoarding. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 7, 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.08.001
38.
WuM. S.McGuireJ. F.MartinoC.PharesV.SellesR. R.StorchE. A. (2016). A meta-analysis of family accommodation and OCD symptom severity. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.003
39.
WuM. S.McGuireJ. F.StorchE. A. (2016). Anxiety sensitivity and family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 205, 344–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.024
