The objective of this study was to analyse whether variables associated with emergency services (ES) use in Spain have changed in the period 2006–2011 using a comparative analysis of the 2006 and 2011 Spanish National Health Surveys. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio with its 95% confidence interval, obtained by Poisson regression with robust variance. We studied interactions between the explanatory variables for ES use and year and subsequently performed a stratified analysis by year. ES use declined by 2.1% in 2011. Most emergency care (approximately 60% in both surveys) was provided in public hospitals. Between 2006 and 2011, ES use increased by 9% in women (p for interaction = 0.008) [ref. men], 3% in persons with poor mental health (p for interaction = 0.072) [ref. good mental health], and 8% in individuals with limitations on activities of daily living (p for interaction = 0.006) [ref. no limitations]. The change in the effect of the variables sex, mental health, and limitations on activities of daily living on use of ES (2006 and 2011) is not explained by either demographic characteristics or individual socioeconomic indicators. These results could be associated with macroeconomic and structural changes occurring during the period 2006–2011.
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