We describe a 13-year-old boy with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presented with wheezing, fever, and dyspnea. Because he had a history of wheezing with a previous episode of viral pneumonia, he underwent diagnostic procedures for possible pulmonary infections and was treated for exacerbation of reactive airway disease. When he failed to respond to aggressive anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator therapy, further workup revealed an endo-bronchial neuroendocrine tumor occluding 75% of the trachea at the level of the carina. We describe our patient's treatment and review the literature on endobronchial lesions in HIV-infected patients.
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