Dyspnea Treatment

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Stark RD . Dyspnoea: assessment and pharmacological manipulation. Eur Respir J 1988;1:280–287.

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Boyd KJ , Kelly M. Oral morphine as symptomatic treatment of dyspnoea in patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med 1997;11:277–281.

Bruera E , MacEachern T , Ripamonti C , Hanson J. Subcutaneous morphine for dyspnea in cancer patients. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:906–907.

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Masood AR , Reed JW , Thomas SH . Lack of effect of inhaled morphine on exercise-induced breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1995;50:629–634.

Beauford W , Saylor TT , Stansbury DW , Avalos K , Light RW . Effects of nebulized morphine sulfate on the exercise tolerance of the ventilatory limited COPD patient. Chest 1993;104:175–178.

Leung R , Hill P , Burdon J. Effect of inhaled morphine on the development of breathlessness during exercise in patients with chronic lung disease. Thorax 1996;51:596–600.

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Zeppetella G. Nebulized morphine in the palliation of dyspnoea. Palliat Med 1997;11:267–275.

Mitchell-Heggs P , Murphy K , Minty K , Guz A , Patterson SC , Minty PS , Rosser RM . Diazepam in the treatment of dyspnoea in the 'Pink Puffer' syndrome. Q J Med 1980;49:9–20.

Greene JG , Pucino F , Carlson JD , Storsved M , Strommen GL . Effects of alprazolam on respiratory drive, anxiety, and dyspnea in chronic airflow obstruction: a case study. Pharmacotherapy 1989;9:34–38.

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Eimer M , Cable T , Gal P , Rothenberger LA , McCue JD . Effects of clorazepate on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. J Fam Pract 1985;21:359–362.

Man GC , Hsu K , Sproule BJ . Effect of alprazolam on exercise and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 1986;90:832–836.

Argyropoulou P , Patakas D , Koukou A , Vasiliadis P , Georgopoulos D. Buspirone effect on breathlessness and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 1993;60:216–220.

Borson S , McDonald GJ , Gayle T , Deffebach M , Lakshminarayan S , VanTuinen C. Improvement in mood, physical symptoms, and function with nortriptyline for depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Psychosomatics 1992;33:190–201.

Smoller JW , Pollack MH , Systrom D , Kradin RL . Sertraline effects on dyspnea in patients with obstructive airways disease. Psychosomatics 1998;39:24–29.

O'Neill PA , Stretton TB , Stark RD , Ellis SH . The effect of indomethacin on breathlessness in patients with diffuse parenchymal disease of the lung. Br J Dis Chest 1986;80:72–79.

Schiffman GL , Stansbury DW , Fischer CE , Sato RI , Light RW , Brown SE . Indomethacin and perception of dyspnea in chronic airflow obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:1094–1098.

Giron AE , Stansbury DW , Fischer CE , Light RW . Lack of effect of dextromethorphan on breathlessness and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eur Respir J 1991;4:532–535.

Taguchi N , Ishikawa T , Sato J , Nishino T. Effects of induced metabolic alkalosis on perception of dyspnea during flow-resistive loading. J Pain Symptom Manage 1996;12:11–17.

Stark RD , O'Neill PA , Russell NJ , Heapy CG , Stretton TB . Effects of small-particle aerosols of local anaesthetic on dyspnoea in patients with respiratory disease. Clin Sci (Colch) 1985;69:29–36.

Winning AJ , Hamilton RD , Guz A. Ventilation and breathlessness on maximal exercise in patients with interstitial lung disease after local anaesthetic aerosol inhalation. Clin Sci 1988;74:275–281.

Wilcock A , Corcoran R , Tattersfield AE . Safety and efficacy of nebulized lignocaine in patients with cancer and breathlessness. Palliat Med 1994;8:35–38.

Spence DP , Graham DR , Ahmed J , Rees K , Pearson MG , Calverley PM . Does cold air affect exercise capacity and dyspnea in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Chest 1993;103:693–696.

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Sibuya M , Yamada M , Kanamaru A , Tanaka K , Suzuki H , Noguchi E , et al. Effect of chest wall vibration on dyspnea in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:1235–1240.

Cristiano LM , Schwartzstein RM . Effect of chest wall vibration on dyspnea during hypercapnia and exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:1552–1559.

Nakayama H , Shibuya M , Yamada M , Suzuki H , Arakawa M , Homma I. In-phase chest wall vibration decreases dyspnea during arm elevation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Intern Med 1998;37:831–835.

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Jobst K , Chen JH , McPherson K , Arrowsmith J , Brown V , Efthimiou J , et al. Controlled trial of acupuncture for disabling breathlessness. Lancet 1986;2:1416–1419.

Filshie J , Penn K , Ashley S , Davis CL . Acupuncture for the relief of cancer-related breathlessness. Palliat Med 1996;10:145–150.

Maa SH , Gauthier D , Turner M. Acupressure as an adjunct to a pulmonary rehabilitation program. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1997;17:268–276.

Rautalahti M , Virtamo J , Haukka J , Heinonen OP , Sundvall J , Albanes D , Huttunen JK . The effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on COPD symptoms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:1447–1452.