The study examines the interdependence between the state and organizations and develops a proposition that the fragmentation of state structure and industry heterogeneity (defined as the number of organizations and organizational forms) are mutually conducive. The investigation focuses on property rights as an important arena of state—organization interaction and explores how, through the development of rules regarding obJect, subJect, use, enforcement and transfer of property, the state and the industry shape each other. Case study analysis of the Russian oil industry in 1992—2006 shows how the property rights relations between the state and the oil industry affected the U-shaped traJectories of change both in the state structure (from increasing to decreasing fragmentation on spatial and functional dimensions) and in the industry structure (from increasing to decreasing heterogeneity).
Barnes, A. Property , power , and the presidency : Ownership policy reform and Russian executive-legislative relations, 1990—1999 . Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2001 , 34, 39—61 .
2.
Bates, B. , Greif, A. & Singh, S.Organizing violence . Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2002, 46(5), 599—628 .
3.
Bobylev, Y.Russian oil and gas sector: Trends and perspectives . Russian/CIS Energy and Mining Law Journal, 2005, 6, no pagination. Available online at: [http://www.rusenergylaw.ru/free/bobylev6—2005.pdf]; accessed 1 September 2006.
4.
Bonardi, J.-P. , Hillman, A.J. & Keim, G.D.The attractiveness of political markets: Implications for firm strategy . Academy of Management Review, 2005, 30(2), 397—413 .
5.
Cai, H. & Treisman, D.State corroding federalism . Journal of Public Economics, 2004, 88(3/4), 819—43 .
6.
Campbell, J.The state and fiscal sociology . Annual Review of Sociology , 1993, 19, 163—85 .
7.
Campbell, J. & Lindberg, L.N.Property rights and the organization of economic activity by the state . American Sociological Review, 1990, 55, 634—47 .
8.
Carroll, G.R. , Delacroix, J. & Goodstein, J.The political environments of organizations: An ecological view . Research in Organizational Behavior, 1988, 10, 359—92 .
9.
Carroll, G.R. , Goodstein, J. & Gyenes, A. Organizations and the state : Effects of the institutional environment on agricultural cooperatives in Hungary . Administrative Science Quarterly,1988, 33(2), 233—56 .
10.
Carruthers, B.G. & Ariovich, L.The sociology of property rights . Annual Review of Sociology , 2004, 30, 23—46 .
11.
D'Aunno, T. , Succi, M. & Alexander, J.A.The role of institutional and market forces in divergent organizational change . Administrative Science Quarterly,2000, 45(4), 679—703 .
12.
Djankov, S. , Glaeser, E. , La Porta, R. , Lopez-de-Silanes, F. & Shleifer, A.The new comparative economics . Journal of Comparative Economics , 2003, 31, 595—619 .
13.
Dyck, A. , Volchkova, N. & Zingales, L.The corporate governance role of the media: Evidence from Russia. Unpublished manuscript, 2006. Available online at: [ http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=891206].
14.
Edelman, L.B. & Suchman, M.The legal environments of organizations . Annual Review of Sociology, 1997, 23, 479—515 .
Filippov, M.Riker and federalism . Constitutional Political Economy, 2005, 16(2), 93—111 .
17.
Freedom House.Freedom of the press report: Russia (2006). 2006. Available online at: [ http://www.freedomhouse.org/].
18.
Gaddy, C.G. & Ickes, B.W.Resource rents and the Russian economy. Eurasian Geography &Economics, 2005, 46(6), 559—83 .
19.
Gaiduk, I. & Vasilenko, R.Year 2004 — records and anti-records. Russian Petroleum Investor , March 2005. Available online at: [http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/bisdoc/RPI_Records.pdf]; accessed 1 June 2006.
20.
Getz, K.A.Public affairs and political strategy: Theoretical foundations . Journal of Public Affairs, 2002, 1(4)—2(1), 305—29 .
21.
Grace, J.D.Russian oil supply: Performance and prospects. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies , 2005.
22.
Grzymala-Busse, A. & Jones Luong, P.Reconceptualizing the state: Lessons from post-communism . Politics & Society, 2002, 30(4), 529—54 .
23.
Hannan, M.T. & Freeman, J.The population ecology of organizations . American Journal of Sociology, 1977, 82, 929—64 .
24.
Heinrich, A. , Kusznir, J. & Pleines, H.Foreign investment and national interests in the Russian oil and gas industry . Post-Communist Economies, 2002, 14(4), 495—507 .
25.
International Energy Agency.Energy policy in Russia: Review 2002 [Energeticheskaya Politika v Rossii, Obzor 2002]. Paris: OECD/International Energy Agency , 2002 (in Russian).
26.
Kalabugin, V.Nam noviye tseli postavila zhizn [Life sets us new targets]Nezavisimaya Gazeta , 19 November 2003. Available online at: [http://www.ng.ru/ideas/2003—11—19/7_aims.html], accessed 22 June 2006 (in Russian).
27.
Kim, J. & Mahoney, J.T.Property rights theory, transaction costs theory, and agency theory: An organizational economics approach to strategic management . Managerial and Decision Economics, 2005, 26, 223—42 .
28.
Libecap, G.D.Contracting for property rights. New York: Cambridge University Press , 1989.
29.
Liuhto, K.Russian oil: Production and exports . Problems of Economic Transition, 2005, 47(10), 56—70 .
30.
Meyer, J.W. , Boli, J. , Thomas, G.M. & Ramirez, F.O.World society and the national state . American Journal of Sociology, 1997, 103(1), 144—81 .
31.
Mommer, B.Oil prices and fiscal regimes. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Working Paper 24, 1999. Available online at: [http://www.oxfordenergy.org/pdfs/WPM24.pdf], accessed 22 July 2006.
32.
Nikolaev, S.Butov i Nenetskii avtonomnii okrug [Butov and Nenets Autonomous Okrug]. Nezavisimaya Gazeta , 1 August 2003. Available online at: [http://www.ng.ru/events/2003—08—01/8_butov.html ], accessed 22 June 2006 (in Russian).
33.
Peng, M.W. & Luo, Y.D.Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro—macro link . Academy of Management Journal, 2000, 43(3), 486—501 .
34.
Pfeffer, J. & Salancik, G.R.External control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row , 1978.
35.
Polishchuk, L. & Savvateev, A.Spontaneous (non)emergence of property rights . Economics of Transition, 2004, 12(1), 103—27 .
36.
Ranger-Moore, J. , Banaszak-Holl, J. & Hannan, M.T.Density-dependent dynamics in regulated industries: Founding rates of banks and life insurance companies . Administrative Science Quarterly , 1991, 36, 36—65 .
37.
Ring, P.S. , Bigley, G.A. , D' Aunno, T. & Khanna, T.Perspectives on how governments matter . Academy of Management Review, 2005, 30(2), 308—20 .
38.
Robinson, N.The politics of Russia's partial democracy . Political Studies Review, 2003, 1, 149—66 .
39.
Roland, G. & Verdier, R.Law enforcement and transition . European Economic Review, 2003, 47, 669—85 .
40.
Russian Federation.Federal Law on Subsoil (with amendments and additions). Available online at: [ http://www.rosnedra.com/article/117.html] (in Russian).
41.
Russian Federation.Tax code of the Russian Federation (with amendments and additions). 1998 (Part 1) and 2000 (Part 2). Available online at: [http://www.russian-tax-code.com/].
42.
Russian Federation.The constitution of the Russian Federation, 1993. Available online at: [ http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000—01.htm].
43.
Sakwa, R. Putin , Russia's choice. London: Routledge , 2004.
Scott, W.R. & Meyer, J.W.The organization of societal sectors. In J.W. Meyer & W.R. Scott (Eds), Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage , 1983, pp. 129—53.
46.
Simons, T. & Ingram, P.Enemies of the state: Interdependence of institutional forms and the ecology of the kibbutz, 1910—1997 . Administrative Science Quarterly , 2003, 48, 592—621 .
47.
Subbotin, M.Kak podobrat' klyuchi k investitsiyam [How to find the keys for investments] . Rossiiskaya Gazeta , 21 September 2004 . Available online at: [http://vff-s.narod.ru/sh/rn/rn16.htm ], accessed 19 July 2006.
48.
Tolbert, P.S. & Zucker, L.G.Institutional sources of change in the formal structure of organizations: The diffusion of civil service reform, 1880—1935 . Administrative Science Quarterly,1983, 28, 22—39 .
49.
Troxel, T.Parliamentary power in Russia, 1994—2001: President vs. parliament. Basingstoke: Palgrave , 2002.
