Health and Lifestyles Survey (HLS) data on food in an accompanying article are in line with a complex picture emerging from research on food behaviour. This article puts that study and wider literature into a public policy context. Two traditions of approaching food and health-related behaviour are discern ible. One attempts to improve health through individual action, the other through social structures. The HLS, with data based on self-reporting, suggests that public policy on food and health should change direction. Food divisions in society are complex but are associated with poor access, transport, con fidence low income, gender divisions and different priorities. Concern about 'food deserts'-areas with poor food facilities-suggests that health promotion should re-think strategy. New alliances for health could include interests within the state as well as outside in the private sector. Town and transport planners are particularly significant for the new health promotion approach.
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