This study updates five others by the author that provided information about governments and private organizations transmitting an Arabic-language radio service to the Middle East. For the purpose of analysis, these broadcasters were placed in six groups: Western Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States and Eastern Europe, Asia and the Middle East, the Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa and Christian religious broadcasters. In addition to a discussion of the history of international broadcasting in Arabic and information about each service, survey data on Arab audiences are supplied.
Analysis/Radio Monte Carlo (1979) `How to Reach the Arabs from a Station in France', Campaign Mid-EastJune-August.
2.
`Arabic Broadcasts from London' (1938) Great Britain and the East13 January.
3.
Associated Business Consultants Ltd (n.d.) `A Seven-Day Media Effectiveness Survey Conducted on Behalf of the Hashemite Broadcasting Service in the City of Riyadh', Beirut, Lebanon.
4.
Boyd, D. A. (1976) `International Broadcasting in Arabic to the Middle East and North Africa', Gazette22(3): 183-196.
5.
Boyd, D. A. (1982) Broadcasting in the Arab World: A Survey of Radio and Television in the Middle East. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
6.
Boyd, D. A. (1983) `Cross-Cultural International Broadcasting in Arabic', Gazette32(3): 143-168.
7.
Boyd, D. A. (1986) `International Radio Broadcasting: Technical Developments and Listening Patterns in the Developing World', Space Communication and Broadcasting4(1): 25-32.
8.
Boyd, D. A. (1989) `International Broadcasting to the Arab World: Cultural, Economic and Political Motivations for Transnational Radio Communication', Gazette44(2): 107-127.
9.
Boyd, D. A. (1993) Broadcasting in the Arab World: A Survey of the Electronic Media in the Middle East. Ames: Iowa State University Press.
10.
Boyd, D. A. and J. Y. Benzies (1983) `SOFIRAD: France's International Commercial Media Empire', Journal of Communication33: 56-69.
11.
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) (1983) `Summary of World Broadcasts', ME/W1219/B/1, 18 January, London.
12.
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) (1989) `Summary of World Broadcasts', No. 39/1989, London.
13.
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) (1991) BBC World Service and International Competitors Comparative Schedules, Summer. London: International Broadcasting and Audience Research.
14.
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) (1995) BBC World Service and International Competitors Comparative Schedules, Autumn. London: International Broadcasting and Audience Research.
15.
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) (1996a) World Radio and Television Receivers. London: International Broadcasting and Audience Research Library.
16.
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) (1996b) `News Release', 8 April, British Broadcasting Corporation Worldwide Television, London.
17.
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) (1996c) World Broadcasting Information4(26 January): 25.
18.
Dexter, G. (1992) `Dx'ing Africa's Hot Spots', Popular CommunicationsJanuary: 6-19.
19.
Diplomatic Correspondence (n.d.) FO 395/663 and 395/557-60, File 2, Commonwealth and Foreign Office Archives, London.
20.
Dodd, Khuri , Rustum, Jurdak, Badr, Najjar, and Haddad. (1943) A Pioneer Radio Poll in Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine. Beirut: American University of Beirut.
Waldman, P. (1992) `Western-Style News, Entertainment is Dished Out to Arab Viewers via MBC', Wall Street Journal5 March: A12.
40.
Werner, H. (1976) Das Provisorium. Cologne: Deutsche Welle.
41.
Wood, R. E. (1979) `Language Choice in Transnational Radio Broadcasting', Journal of Communication29(2): 112-123.
42.
Younger, S. (1996) speech given by Sam Younger, Managing Director, BBC World Service, to the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London, 26 June.
