AmbrosettiECelaE (2015) Demography of race and ethnicity in Italy. In: SáenzRRodriguezNEmbrickD (eds) The International Handbook of the Demography of Race and Ethnicity. New York: Springer, pp. 457–482.
2.
BarthesR (1977) Rhetoric of the image. In: Image Music Text. Translated by S Heath. New York: Hill and Wang, pp. 32–51.
BelmonteCCecchiniLM (2022) Visual and material legacies of fascist colonialism. Modern Italy27(4): 327–350.
5.
BickT (2020) “My world now is black in color”: Pandemic-era programming, anti-racist activism, and contemporary art in Italy. CAA International News. Available at: https://www.collegeart.org/news/2020/08/11/international-news-my-world-now-is-black-in-color-tenley-bick/ (accessed 15 March 2023).
CampbellSJ (2019) Endless Periphery: Toward a Geopolitics of Art in Lorenzo Lotto’s Italy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
8.
CostaCTeodonioL (2008) Razza partigiana: Storia di Giorgio Marincola, 1923–1945. Rome: Icobelli.
9.
De DonnoF (2006) La razza ario-Mediterranea: Ideas of race and citizen. Interventions8(3): 394–412.
10.
EarleTFLoweKJP (eds) (2005) Black Africans in Renaissance Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11.
FoguC (2020) The Fishing Net and the Spider Web: Mediterranean Imaginaries and the Making of Italians. New York: Springer.
12.
FromontC (2022) Images on a Mission in Early Modern Kongo and Angola. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press.
13.
GreeneS (2014) Equivocal Subjects: Between Italy and Africa –– Constructions of Racial and National Identity in the Italian Cinema. London: Bloomsbury.
14.
HawthorneC (2022) Contesting Race and Citizenship: Youth Politics in the Black Mediterranean. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
15.
HomSM (2019) Empire’s Mobius Strip: Historical Echoes in Italy’s Crisis of Migration and Detention. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
16.
Lombardi-DiopCRomeoC (eds) (2012) Postcolonial Italy: Challenging National Homogeneity. New York: Springer.
17.
MarincolaG (1945) Untitled speech. Biella: Radio Baita. In: Wu Ming2 (2010) Basta uno sparo: storia di un partigiano italo-somalo nella resistenza italiana. Massa: Transeuropa.
18.
Marziani S (2013) Invisible Diasporas: Afro-Modernism in Italy. PhD Thesis, Penn State University, USA.
19.
PatriarcaS (2021) Italian uses of orientalism from the risorgimento to fascism. Journal of Modern Italian Studies26(2): 220–226.
20.
PesariniA (2017) “Blood is thicker than water”: The materialization of the racial body in fascist East Africa. In: Fattacciu I and Fogu C (eds) Zapruder World: An International Journal for the History of Social Conflict4. doi:10.21431/Z33S32.
21.
PortelliA (2005) The problem of the color-blind: Notes on the discourse on race in Italy. In: SpickardP (ed.) Race and Nation: Ethnic Systems in the Modern World. New York: Routledge, pp. 355–363.
22.
ReL (2012) ‘Barbari civilizzatissimi’: Marinetti and the futurist myth of barbarism. Journal of Modern Italian Studies17(3): 350–368.
23.
ScegoI (2004) Roma negata: Percorsi postcoloniali nella città. Rome: Ediesse.
24.
SpecialeG (2015) L’eredità delle leggi raziali del 1938. Nuove indagini sul passato, ancora lezioni per il futuro. In: RestaGZeno-ZencovichV (eds) Leggi Razziali. Passato/Presente. Rome: RomaTre Press, pp. 129–147.
25.
Spicer J (2012) Free men and women of African ancestry in Renaissance Europe. In: Spicer J (ed) Revealing the African pPresence in Renaissance Europe. Baltimore: The Walters, pp. 81–97.
WelchRN (2016) Vital Subjects: Race and Biopolitics in Italy. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
30.
Wu Ming 2 (2010) Controcanto. In: Wu Ming 2 (2010) Basta uno sparo: storia di un partigiano italo-somalo nella Resistenza italiana. Massa: Transeuropa, pp. 11–22.