“Catch 22 and Disabling Help”: A Reply to Alan Gartner

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Heller K. A. Holtzman W. H. , & Messick S. (Eds.). (1982). Placing children in special education: A strategy for equity. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Larry P. v. Riles, Civil action N.L.-71-2270, 343 F. Supp. 1306 (N.D. Cal., 1972).

Lora v. Board of Education of the City of New York, 456 F. Supp. 1211, 1221 (E.D. N.Y. 1979).

Mayor's Commission on Special Education. (1985). Special education: A call for quality. New York: Author.

Messick E. (1984). Assessment in context: Appraising student performance in relation to instructional quality. Educational Researcher, 33(3), 3–8. (See also this entire issue of Educational Researcher).

Wang M. C. , & Reynolds M. C. (1985). Avoiding the “Catch 22” in special education reform. Exceptional Children, 51, 497–502.