Relationships among individual- and group-directed measures of leader behavior descriptions and five variables were examined with an explicit consideration of multiple levels of analysis. In a sample of law enforcement personnel, results indicated that supervisor control and satisfaction with rewards were associated with individual- and group-directed measures of initiating structure based on differences between groups, but not within groups; role ambiguity and effort were associated with individual- and group-directed measures of consideration based on differences between groups, but not within groups; and satisfaction with supervisor was associated with individual- and group-directed measures of initiating structure and of consideration based on individual differences. Thus, different forms of measures (individual- or group-directed) of leader behavior descriptions were correlated with other variables based on different levels of analysis.
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