Levine's equations for random groups and unequally reliable tests can be used to equate tests X and Y through performance on an anchor test, Z. Levine's derivation assumed that all three tests were parallel in function, with X and Y of different lengths. It is shown that the parallelism requirement is unnecessary, as it is sufficient to assume only that X and Y are congeneric, an assumption that is itself implicit in the definition of linear test equating.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Angoff, W. H. (1971). Scales, norms and equivalent scores. In R. L. Thorndike (Ed.), Educational measurement (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Council on Education, 508-600.
2.
Angoff, W. H. (1982). Summary and derivations of equating methods used at ETS. In P. W. Holland and D. B. Rubin (Eds.), Test equating, New York: Academic Press, 55-69.
3.
Flanagan, J. C. (1964). Obtaining useful comparable scores for non-parallel tests and test batteries. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1, 1-4.
4.
Glass, G. V and Stanley, J. C. (1970) Statistical methods in education and psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.
5.
Jöreskog, K. G. (1971). Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests. Psychometrika, 36, 109-133.
6.
Levine, R. S. (1955). Equating the score scales of alternative forms administered to samples of different ability. Research Bulletin 55-23. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
7.
Lindquist, E. F. (1964). Equating scores on non-parallel tests. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1, 5-9.
8.
Lord, F. M. (1955). Equating test scores—a maximum likelihood solution. Psychometrika, 20, 193-200.
9.
Lord, F. M. (1977). Practical applications of item characteristic curve theory. Journal of Educational Measurement, 14, 117-138.
10.
Lord, F. M. and Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical theories of mental test scores. Reading, MA.: Addison-Wesley.