This longitudinal study examined the effects of formal (i.e., school-based) and informal (i.e., home-based) Latino parent involvement using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS:88). Both forms of support were significant predictors of student achievement; the impact of informal support was nearly as great as that of formal support. It was suggested that Latino students benefit from both methods of involvement, and both formal and informal parent involvement should be acknowledged and supported. This study fills a gap in the literature by discussing parent involvement as a multidimensional construct, looking at the effects of parent involvement in a sample of Latino secondary students, and viewing Latino parental involvement as a strength instead of something that is lacking.
AlfaroE. C.Umaña-TaylorA. J.BámacaM. Y. (2006). The influence of academic support on Latino adolescents’ academic motivation. Family Relations, 55, 279-291.
2.
AuerbachS. (2007). From moral supporters to struggling advocates: Reconceptualizing parent roles in education through the experience of working-class families of color. Urban Education, 42, 250-283.
3.
BarnardW. M. (2004). Parent involvement in elementary school and educational attainment. Children and Youth Services Review, 26, 39-62.
4.
BehnkeA. O.PiercyK. W.DiversiM. (2004). Educational and occupational aspirations of Latino youth and their parents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26, 16-35.
5.
BohonS. A.MacphersonH.AtilesJ. H. (2005). Educational barriers for new Latinos in Georgia. Journal of Latinos and Education, 4, 43-58.
Comas-DíazL. (2006). Latino healing: The integration of ethnic psychology into psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(4), 436-453.
8.
CrosnoeR.JohnsonM. K.ElderG. H. (2004). Intergenerational bonding in school: The behavioral and contextual correlates of student–teacher bonding. Sociology of Education, 77, 60-81.
9.
De GaetanoY. (2007). The role of culture in engaging Latino parents’ involvement in school. Urban Education, 42, 145-162.
10.
DeGarmoD. S.MartinezJ. C. R. (2006). A culturally informed model of academic well-being for Latino youth: The importance of discriminatory experiences and social support. Family Relations, 55, 267-278.
11.
DrummondK. V.StipekD. (2004). Low-income parents’ beliefs about their role in children’s academic learning. Elementary School Journal, 104, 197-213.
12.
GhislettaP.SpiniD. (2004). An introduction to generalized estimating equations and an application to assess selectivity effects in a longitudinal study on very old individuals. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 29, 421-437.
13.
GlickJ. E.WhiteM. J. (2004). Post-secondary school participation of immigrant and native youth: The role of familial resources and educational expectations. Social Science Research, 33, 272-299.
14.
GreeneR. R. (Ed.). (2002). Resiliency: An integrated approach to practice, policy, and research. Washington, DC: NASW Press.
15.
JeynesW. H. (2003). A meta-analysis: The effects of parental involvement on minority children’s academic achievement. Education and Urban Society, 35, 202-218.
16.
JeynesW. H. (2007). The relationship between parental involvement and urban secondary school student academic achievement. Urban Education, 42, 82-110.
17.
LeeJ.BowenN. K. (2006). Parent involvement, cultural capital, and the achievement gap among elementary school children. American Educational Research Journal, 43, 193-218.
18.
LightfootD. (2004). “Some parents just don’t care”: Decoding the meanings of parental involvement in urban schools. Urban Education, 39, 91-107.
19.
MartinezJ.C.R.DeGarmoD. S.EddyJ. M. (2004). Promoting academic success among Latino youths. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(2), 128-151.
20.
McWayneC.HamptonV.FantuzzoJ.CohenH. L.SekinoY. (2004). A multivariate examination of parent involvement and the social and academic competencies of urban kindergarten children. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 363-377.
21.
National Center for Education Statistics. (2007). Dropout rates in the United States: 2005 (No. NCES 2007-059). Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2007/2007059.pdf
22.
National Center for Education Statistics & U.S. Department of Education. (2006). School and parent interaction by household language and poverty status: 2002-03 (No. NCES 2006-086). Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006086.pdf
23.
OkagakiL.FrenschP. A. (1998). Parenting and children’s school achievement: A multiethnic perspective. American Educational Research Journal, 35, 123-133.
24.
OlivosE. M. (2004). Tensions, contradictions, and resistance: An activist’s reflection of the struggles of Latino parents in the public school system. High School Journal, 87(4), 25-35.
25.
OrtegaA.N.RosenheckR. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder among Hispanic Vietnam veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 615-619.
QuiochoA. M. L.DaoudA. M. (2006). Dispelling myths about Latino parent participation in schools. Educational Forum, 70, 255-267.
28.
SPSSInc. (2007). SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0 [Computer software]. Chicago, IL: Author.
29.
StewartE. B. (2008). School structural characteristics, student effort, peer associations, and parental involvement. Education and Urban Society, 40, 179-204.
30.
SueD. (2003, September10). The color blind society: Whiteness as the default standard. New York, NY: Teachers College—Columbia University. Retrieved from http://www.tc.columbia.edu/news/article.htm?id=4499
31.
SwansonC. B. (2007). Learning and earning. Education Week, 26(40), 15-17.
ValenciaR. R.BlackM. S. (2002). “Mexican Americans don’t value education!”: On the basis of the myth, mythmaking, and debunking. Journal of Latinos and Education, 1(2), 81-103.
34.
ZarateM. E. (2007). Understanding Latino parental involvement in education: Perceptions, expectations, and recommendations. Retrieved from http://www.trpi.org/PDFs/TW%20REPORT.pdf
35.
ZegerS. L.LiangK. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics, 42, 121-130.
36.
ZornC. J. W. (2001). Generalized estimating equation models for correlated data: A review with applications. American Journal of Political Science, 45, 470-490.
