The vast number of worldwide refugees has caused a global refugee crisis, political turmoil, and heightened anxiety in resettlement countries, stimulating xenophobia and religious tensions. We provide an overview of the four articles in this Major Contribution as a foundation for describing contemporary issues, challenges, and present an effective culturally responsive model of intervention to work with present-day refugees.
Akinsulure-SmithA. M. (2009). Brief psychoeducational group treatment with re-traumatized refugees and asylum seekers. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 34(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933920902798007
BeckJ. G.CoffeyS. F.FoyD. W.KeaneT. M.BlanchardE. B. (2009). Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: An initial randomized pilot study. Behavior Therapy, 40(1), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003
8.
BemakF. (1989). Cross-cultural family treatment with Southeast Asian refugees. Journal of Strategic and Systemic Therapies, 8, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1521/jsst.1989.8.bonus.22
9.
BemakF.ChungR. C.-Y. (2011). Post-disaster social justice group work and group supervision. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 36(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933922.2010.537737
10.
BemakF.ChungR. C.-Y. (2016). Counseling immigrants and refugees. In PedersenP. B.DragunsJ.LonnerW.TrimbleJ.Scharron del RioM. (Eds.), Counseling across cultures (7th ed., pp. 323–346). Sage.
11.
BemakF.ChungR. C.-Y. (2017a). Psychological impact of terrorism on refugees. In StoutC. (Ed.), Terrorism, political violence, and extremism: New psychology to understand, face, and defuse the threat (pp. 260–284). Praeger.
12.
BemakF.ChungR. C.-Y. (2017b). Refugee trauma: Culturally responsive counseling interventions. Journal of Counseling and Development, 95(3), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12144
13.
BemakF.ChungR. C.-Y. (2021). A culturally responsive intervention model for modern day refugees. In AtenJ.HwangJ. (Eds.), Refugee mental health. American Psychological Association.
14.
BemakF.ChungR. C.-Y.PedersenP. B. (2003). Counseling refugees: A psychological approach to innovative multicultural interventions. Greenwood Press.
15.
BerryJ. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In ChunK. M.Balls OrganistaP.MarínG. (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research (pp. 17–37). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10472-004
16.
BrannanS.CampbellR.DaviesM.EnglishV.MussellR.SheatherJ. C. (2016). The Mediterranean refugee crisis: Ethics, international law and migrant health. Journal of Medical Ethics, 42(4), 269–270. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2016-103444
17.
BriereJ. N.ScottC. (2015). Principles of trauma therapy: A guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment (2nd ed.). Sage.
18.
ChungR. C.-Y.BemakF. (2002a). Revisiting the California Southeast Asian mental health needs assessment data: An examination of refugee ethnic and gender differences. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(1), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00173.x
19.
ChungR. C.-Y.BemakF. (2002b). The relationship of culture and empathy in cross-cultural counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(2), 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00178.x
20.
ChungR. C.-Y.BemakF. (2012). Social justice counseling: The next steps beyond multiculturalism. Sage.
21.
ChungR. C.-Y.BemakF.OrtizD. P.Sandoval-PerezP. A. (2008). Promoting the mental health of migrants: A multicultural-social justice perspective. Journal of Counseling and Development, 38(3), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00514.x
22.
ChungR. C.-Y.Kagawa-SingerM. (1993). Predictors of psychological distress among Southeast Asian refugees. Social Science & Medicine, 36(5), 631–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90060-H
23.
ChungR.C.-Y.Kagawa-SingerM. (1995). Interpretation of symptom presentation and distress: A Southeast Asian refugee example. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183(10), 639–648. http://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199510000-00005
24.
ChungR. C.-Y.LinK.-M. (1994). Help seeking-behavior among Southeast Asian refugees. Journal of Community Psychology, 22(2), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(199404)22:2<109::AID-JCOP2290220207>3.0.CO;2-V
25.
CoulterS. (2014). The applicability of two strengths-based systemic psychotherapy models for young people following type 1 trauma.Child Care in Practice, 20(1), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2013.847057
Duarté-VélezY.BernalG.BonillaK. (2010). Culturally adapted cognitive-behavior therapy: Integrating sexual, spiritual, and family identities in an evidence-based treatment of a depressed Latino adolescent. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(8), 895–906. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20710
EhntholtK. A.SmithP. A.YuleW. (2005). School-based cognitive-behavioural therapy group intervention for refugee children who have experienced war-related trauma. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 10(2), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104505051214
33.
FurtakF. T. (2015). The refugee crisis: A challenge for Europe and the world. Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 5(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0170.1000163
GoodkindJ. R.GithinjiA.IsaksonB. (2011). Reducing heath disparities experienced by refugees resettled in urban areas: A community-based transdisciplinary intervention model. In KirstM.Schaefer-McDanielN.HwangS.O’CampoP. (Eds.), Converging disciplines: A transdisciplinary research approach to urban health problems (pp. 41–55). Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6330-7_4
HermanJ. L. (1997). Trauma and recovery. Basic Books.
38.
HofstedeG. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Sage.
39.
HollanderA.-C.DalH.LewisG.MagnussonC.KirkbrideJ. B.DalmanC. (2016). Refugee migration and risk of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: A cohort study of 1.3m people in Sweden. British Medical Journal, 352(8049), 1–8.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i1030
40.
HongG. K.Domokos-Cheng HamM. (2001). Psychotherapy and counseling with Asian American clients: A practical guide. Sage.
41.
HughesG. (2014). Finding a voice through ‘The Tree of Life’: A strength-based approach to mental health for refugee children and families in schools. Child Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, 19(1), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104513476719
42.
JorgensonK. C.& NilssonJ. E. (2021). The relationship among trauma, acculturation, and mental health symptoms in Somali refugees. The Counseling Psychologist, 49(2), 196–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000020968548
43.
KinzieJ. D. (2005). Some of the effects of terrorism on refugees. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 9(3–4), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1300/J146v09n03_12
44.
KinzieJ. D.LeungP.BuiA.BenR.KeopraseuthK. O.RileyC.FleckJ.AdesM. (1988). Group therapy with Southeast Asian refugees. Community Mental Health Journal, 24, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00756658
45.
KruseJ.JoksimovicL.CavkaM.WöllerW.SchmitzN. (2009). Effects of trauma-focused psychotherapy upon war refugees.Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(6), 585–592. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20477
46.
LacroixM.SabbahC. (2011). Posttraumatic psychological distress and resettlement: The need for a different practice in assisting refugee families. Journal of Family Social Work, 14(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2011.523879
47.
LeMasterJ. W.BroadbridgeC. L.LumleyM. A.ArnetzJ. E.ArfkenC.FettersM. D.JamilH.PoleN.ArnetzB. B. (2018). Acculturation and post-migration psychological symptoms among Iraqi refugees: A path analysis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 88(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000240
48.
MajumderP.O’ReillyM.KarimK.VostanisP. (2015). ‘This doctor, I not trust him, I’m not safe’: The perceptions of mental health and services by unaccompanied refugee adolescents.International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61(2), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014537236
49.
MaungJ.NilssonJ. E.JeevanbaS. B.MolitorisA.RaziuddinA.& SoheilianS. S. (2021). Burmese refugee women in the Midwest: Narratives of resilience and posttraumatic growth. The Counseling Psychologist, 49(2), 269–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000020971635
50.
McLeanC. P.FoaE. B. (2013). Dissemination and implementation of prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(8), 788–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.03.004
51.
MorashM.BuiH.ZhangY.HoltfreterK. (2007). Risk factors for abusive relationships: A study of Vietnamese American immigrant women. Violence Against Women, 13(7), 653–675. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801207302044
52.
MurphyA.WoodmanM.RobertsB.McKeeM. (2016). The neglected refugee crisis. British Medical Journal, 352, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i484
53.
NilssonJ. E.& JorgensonK. C. (2021). Refugees in resettlement: Processes, policies, and mental health in the United States. The Counseling Psychologist, 49(2), 178–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000020966240
54.
Ní RaghallaighM. (2014). The causes of mistrust amongst asylum seekers and refugees: Insights from research with unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors living in the Republic of Ireland. Journal of Refugee Studies, 27(1), 82–100. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fet006
55.
ParthasarthiM. S.DurgambaV. K.MurthyN. S. (2004). Counselling migrant families in Southern India. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 26, 363–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-004-0171-0
SchottelkorbA. A.DoumasD. M.GarciaR. (2012). Treatment for childhood refugee trauma: A randomized, controlled trial. International Journal of Play Therapy, 21(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027430
SmithE. J. (2006b). The strength-based counseling model: A paradigm shift in psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(1), 134–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005282364
SolomonB. B. (1976). Black empowerment: Social work in oppressed communities. Columbia University Press.
64.
StrongJ.VaradyC.ChahdaN.DoocyS.BurnhamG. (2015). Health status and health needs of older refugees from Syria in Lebanon. Conflict & Health, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-014-0029-y
UnterhitzenbergerJ.RosnerR. (2016). Case report: Manualized trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy with an unaccompanied refugee minor girl. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v7.29246
71.
VickersB. (2005). Cognitive model of the maintenance and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder applied to children and adolescents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10(2), 217–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104505051212
YakushkoO.BackhausA.WatsonM.NgaruiyaK.GonzalezJ. (2008). Career development concerns of recent immigrants and refugees. Journal of Career Development, 34(4), 362–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845308316292