Systemic Hemophilus Influenzae Disease in Children

Abstract

A 10-year retrospective study of age-frequency, sites of infection, and pre-existing conditions in 297 children with Hemophilus influenzae (HI) disease seen at Grady Memorial Hospital from 1974 through 1984 is described. The majority of the patients were black (73%) and of lower socio-economic status and were less than 2 years of age. Manifestations of HI disease were similar to those described in reports from other centers, with meningitis being the most common (56.7%). Epiglottitis was much less common in the present study than is generally reported. The death rate of all patients was 1.8 percent. The results of this study indicate that HI disease continues to be a significant risk in children less than 2 years of age.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Hemophilus Type b polysaccharide vaccine: committee on infectious diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics 1985;76:322-3.

Granoff DM , Basden M. Hemophilus influenzae infections in Fresno County, California : a prospective study of the effects of age, race, and contact with a case on incidence of disease. J Infect Dis 1980;141:40-6.

Parke JC , Schneerson R. , Robbins JB The attack rate, age incidence, racial distribution, and case fatality rate of Hemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina . J Peds 1972;81:765-9.

Fraser DW , Darby CW , Koehler RE , et al. Risk factors in bacterial meningitis: Charleston County, South Carolina. J Infect Dis 1973;127:271-7.

Todd JK , Bruhn FW Severe Hemophilus influenzae infections: spectrum of disease. Am J Dis Child 1975;129:607-11.

Dajani AS , Asmar BI , Thirumoorthi MC Systemic Hemophilus influenzae disease: an overview. J Pediatr 1979 ;94:355-64.

Peltola H. , Virtanen M. Systemic Hemophilus influenzae infection in Finland. Clin Ped 1984;23:275-80.

Nelson JD The bacterial etiology and antibiotic management of septic arthritis in infants and children. Pediatrics 1972;50: 437-40.

Rothbart HA , Glode MP Hemophilus influenzae type b septic arthritis in children: report of 23 cases . Pediatrics 1985;75: 254-9.

10.

Bass JW , Steele RW , Wiebe RA Acute epiglottitis: a surgical emergency. JAMA 1974;229:671-5.

11.

Baxter JD : Acute epiglottitis in children. Laryngoscope 1967;77:1358-67.

12.

Benjamin B. , O'Reilly B. Acute epiglottitis in infants and children . Ann Otolaryngol 1976;85:565-72.

13.

Berenberg W. , Kevy S. Acute epiglottitis in childhood: a serious emergency, readily recognized at the bedside. N Engl J Med 1958;258:870-4.

14.

Branefors-Helander P. , Jeppsson PH Acute epiglottitis: a clinical, bacteriological, and serological study. Scand J Infect Dis 1975;7:103-11.

15.

Hawkins DB , Miller AH , Sachs GB , et al. Acute epiglottitis in adults. Laryngoscope 1973;83:1211-20.

16.

Heldtander P. , Lee P. Treatment of acute epiglottitis in children by long-term intubation. Acta Otolaryngol 1973;75:379-81.

17.

Jones HM Acute epiglottitis: a personal study over twenty years. Proc Roy Soc Med 1970;63:706-12.

18.

Margolis CZ , Colletti RB , Grundy G. Hemophilus influenzae type b: The etiologic agent in epiglottitis. J Pediatr 1975;87: 322-3.

19.

Asmar BI , Slovis TL , Reed JO , et al. Hemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia in 43 children. J Pediatr 1978;93:389-93.

20.

Ginsburg CM , Howard JB , Nelson JD Report of 65 cases of Hemophilus influenzae b pneumonia. Pediatrics 1979;64: 283-6.

21.

Gellady AM , Shulman ST , Ayoub EM Periorbital and orbital cellulitis in children. Pediatrics 1978;61:272-6.

22.

Shapiro ED , Wald ER , Brozanski BA Periorbital cellulitis and paranasal sinusitis: a reappraisal. Pediatr Infect Dis 1982;1: 91-4.

23.

Ginsburg CM Buccal cellulitis. Pediatr Infect Dis 1983;2: 381-2.

24.

Peter G. , Smith DH Hemophilus influenzae meningitis at the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston, 1958-1973. Pediatrics 1975;55:523-5.

25.

McGowan JE , Klein JO , Bratton L. , et al. Meningitis and Bacteremia due to Hemophilus influenzae: occurrence and mortality at Boston City Hospital in 12 selected years, 1935-1972. J Infect Dis 1974;130:119-24.

26.

Swartz MN , Dodge PR Bacterial meningitis: a review of selected aspects. N Engl J Med 1965;272:725-31, 797-87, 842-8,898-902,954-60,1003-10.

27.

Smith DH , Ingram DL , Smith AL , et al. Bacterial meningitis: a symposium. Pediatrics 1973;52:586-600.

28.

Feigin RD , Stechenberg BW , Chang MJ , et al. Prospective evaluation of treatment of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. J Pediatr 1976;88:542-8.

29.

Lerman SJ : Systemic Hemophilus influenzae infection: a study of risk factors. Clin Pediatr 1982;21:360-4.