Massive thymic hyperplasia in the neonate and young infant can be difficult to diagnose. Differentiation from neoplastic lesions may require thoracotomy for a pathologic specimen. We review a case in a 15-month-old child referred to our institution and discuss the radiographic, ultrasound, and computerized tomographic features of hyperplastic thymic tissue. We review current concepts of the hyperplastic thymus as an anterior mediastinal mass in infancy.
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