Five cases of bacterial epididymo-orchitis are presented. These patients demonstrate three distinct mechanisms of bacterial infection of the intrascrotal structures: epididymo-orchitis as a presentation and a complication of urinary tract infection; epididymo-orchitis associated with sexually transmitted dis ease ; and epididymo-orchitis associated with systemic infection. We recom mend urine, urethral, and blood bacterial cultures, in addition to viral sero logic studies, as an appropriate evaluation for any patient with epididymo- orchitis.
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