Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a bacterial infection centered in the fal lopian tubes, is increasingly encountered among adolescents seen by the pedia trician. This review describes two cases representative of gonococcal and non gonococcal PID and the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treat ment of this disorder are discussed. Emphasis is placed on management by the primary care pediatrician and indications for gynecologic consultation.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Zelnik M., Kantner JF: Sexuai and contraceptive experiences of young unmarried women in the United States, 1976 and 1971. Fam Plan Perspectives9:55, 1977
2.
Sorensen RG: Adolescent Sexuality in Contemporary America. New York , World Publishing, 1973
3.
Roddick JW: Gynecologic disease young, sexually active women. Am J Obstet Gynecol126:880, 1976
Hospital Record Study of the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities: Ann Arbor, IMS Incorporated
6.
Forslin L., Falk V., Danielsson D.: Changes in the incidence of acute gonococcal and nongonococcal salpingitis . Br J Vener Dis54:247, 1978
7.
Falk V., Krook F.: Do results of culture for gonococci vary with sampling phase of menstrual cycle?Acta Derm Venereol47:190, 1967
8.
Westrom L.: Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease in infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol121:707, 1975
9.
Eschenbach DA , Buchanan TM, Pollack HM: Poly-microbial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med293:166, 1975
10.
Rendtorff TC , Curran JW, Wiser WL, Robinson A.: Economic consequences of gonorrhea in women: Experience from an urban hospital. J Am Vener Dis Assoc1:40, 1974
11.
Monif Grg, Welkos SI, Baer H., et al: Cul-de-sac isolates from patients with endometritis-salpingitisperitonitis and gonococcal endocervicitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol126:158, 1976
12.
Sweet RL, Mills J., Hadley KW, et al: Use of laparoscopy to determine the microbiologic etiology of acute salpingitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol134:68, 1979
13.
Rees E., Annels EH: Gonococcalsalpingitis. Br J Vener Dis45:205, 1969
14.
Mardh PA, Ripa T., Svensson L., et al: Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients with acute salpingitis . N Engl J Med296:1377, 1977
15.
Chow AW, Patten V., Marshall JR: Bacteriology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol133:362, 1979
16.
Flesh G., Weinger JM, Corlett RC, et al: The intrauterine contraceptive device and acute salpingitis . Am J Obstet Gynecol135:402, 1979
17.
Falk V.: Treatment of acute non-tuberculous salpingitis with antibiotics alone and in combination with glucocorticoids. ActaObstet Gynecol44(Suppl):65, 1965
18.
Westrom L., Bengtsson KP, Mardh PA: The risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices as compared to non-users. Lancet2:221, 1976
19.
Eschenbach DA, Harnisch JP, Holmes KK: Pathogenesis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease: role of contraception and other risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol128:838, 1977
20.
Vessey M., Doll R., Petro R., et al: A long-term follow-up study of women using different methods of contraception. An interim report. J Biosoc Sci8:373, 1976
21.
Eschenbach DA: Epidemiology and diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol55:51S, 1980
22.
Jacobson L. , Westrum L.: Objectivized diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol105:1088, 1969
23.
Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK: The etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Dis6: 224, 1979
24.
Wang SP, Eschenbach DA, Wager GP: Serologic studies for Chlamydia trachomatis patients with Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome in Seattle. Presented at the International Symposium on PID at the CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, April 1, 1980
25.
Miller-Schoop JW, Wang SP, Munziner J.: Chlamydia trachomatis as a possible cause of peritonitis and perihepatitis in young women. Br Med J1:1022, 1978
26.
Sweet RL: Diagnosis and treatment of acute salpingitis. J Reprod Mod19:21, 1977
27.
Cunningham EG, Haugh JC, Strong JD: Evaluation of tetracycline or penicillin and ampicillin for treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med296:1380, 1977
28.
Monif GR, Welkos SL, Baer H.: Clinical response of patients with gonococcal endocervicitis and endometritis-peritonitis to doxycydine. Am J Obstet Gynecol129:614; 1977
29.
Schroeter AL , Reynolds G.: The rectal culture as a test of cure. J Infect Dis125:499, 1972
30.
Thadapalli H., Gorbach SC, Keith L.: Anaerobic infections of the female genital tract: Bacteriologic and therapeutic aspects. Am J Obstet Gynecol117: 1034, 1973
