The study aimed to examine the prevalence of pneumonia in pediatric children diagnosed with leukemia at King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan. The study was conducted from January 2019 to March 2020. A total of 100 hospitalized leukemia patients with febrile neutropenic episodes were evaluated for the presence of pneumonia. Samples were collected from all patients and tested for microbial growth. Univariate analysis revealed that age (P = .033) and packed cell volume (P = .006) were statistically significant risk factors, associated with the prevalence of pneumonia in leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia episodes. Similarly, as the absolute neutrophil count counts increased with an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval of 2.386 (0.859-6.625), the odds of pneumonia in febrile neutropenic patients were more prevalent. The study reported the prevalence of pneumonia in immunocompromised febrile neutropenic patients with leukemia, which could lead to the development of evidence-based febrile neutropenic treatment protocol development. It will assure more responsive patient management and treatment.
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