Short-Term High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Moderate to Severe Bronchiolitis Is Effective in a General Pediatric Ward

Abstract

We examined the clinical and physiological benefits of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) in treating pediatric bronchiolitis in a general pediatric ward. Children aged 0 to 2 years, hospitalized with moderate to severe bronchiolitis, were connected to HHHFNC. Each child was evaluated at 4- to 10-hour intervals, both on and off the device, using the Wang et al Bronchiolitis Severity score and transcutaneous CO₂ monitor. Sixteen children were included in the final analysis. The Bronchiolitis Severity score improved by 3 points during the first and second intervals (P = .001). Transcutaneous CO₂ values were reduced by an average 8.7 mm Hg (P = .001). No adverse effects were noted in children connected to the device. The HHHFNC device used in a general pediatric ward setting served as a safe and efficacious tool in treating moderate to severe bronchiolitis. Immediate clinical and physiological improvement was observed and maintained 1 to 4 hours after disconnection from the device.