El-Hawrani AS , Eng CY, Ahmed SK, Clarke J., Dhiwakar M.General practitioners’ referral pattern for children with acute facial paralysis. J Laryngol Otol . 2005;119:540-542.
2.
Manning JJ, Adour KKFacial paralysis in children. Pediatrics. 1972;49:102-109.
3.
Bell C.On the nerves: giving an account of some experiments on their structure and function which leads to a new arrangement of the systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1821;3:398-424.
4.
Peitersen E.Bell’s palsy: the spontaneous course of 2500 peripheral facial nerve palsies of different etiologies. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2002;549:4-30.
5.
Evans AK, Licameli G., Brietzke S., Whittemore K., Kenna M.Pediatric facial nerve paralysis: patients, management and outcomes. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;69:1521-1528.
6.
Cummings CWOtolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: C V Mosby ; 2005.
7.
Wilson-Pauwels L., Akesson E., Stewart P.Cranial Nerves: Anatomy and Clinical Comments . Philadelphia, PA: B C Decker; 1988.
8.
Harker LA, McCabe BFSurgical anatomy of the facial nerve. In: Rubin LR, ed. Reanimation of the Paralyzed Face. St Louis, MO: C V Mosby;1977:21-27.
9.
Janfaza P., Montgomery WW, Fabian RL, Galla R., Nadol JBSurgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
10.
May M., Fria T., Blumenthal F., Curtin H.Facial paralysis in children: differential diagnosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1981;89: 841-848.
11.
Christen HJ , Bartlau N., Hanefeld F., Eiffert H.Peripheral facial palsy in childhood: Lyme borreliosis to be suspected unless proven otherwise. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1990;79: 1219-1224.
12.
Grundfast KM , Guarisco JL, Thomsen JR, Koch B.Diverse etiologies of facial paralysis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol1990 ;19:223-239.
Teller DC, Murphy TPBilateral facial paralysis: a case presentation and literature review. J Otolaryngol. 1992;21: 44-47.
24.
Markby DPLyme disease in facial palsy: differentiation from Bell’s palsy. BMJ. 1989;299:605-606.
25.
Nigrovic LE, Thompson AD, Fine AM, Kimia A.Clinical predictors of Lyme disease among children with a peripheral facial palsy at an emergency department in a Lyme disease-endemic area. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e1080-e1085.
26.
Pollack R., Brown L.Facial paralysis in otitis media. In: Graham M, House W, eds. Disorders of the Facial Nerve: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press. 1982:221-224.
Kuo MJ, Drago PC, Proops DW, Chavda SVEarly diagnosis and treatment of Ramsay Hunt syndrome: the role of magnetic resonance imaging. J Laryngol Otol. 1995;109: 777-780.
32.
Holland JN, Weiner GMRecent developments in Bell’s palsy. BMJ. 2004;329:553-557.
33.
Albisetti M. , Schaer G., Good M., Boltshauser E., Nadal D.Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid examination in children with peripheral facial palsy and suspected Lyme borreliosis. Neurology. 1997;49:817-824.
34.
Belman AL, Reynolds L., Preston T., Postels D., Grimson R., Coyle PKCerebrospinal fluid findings in children with Lyme disease-associated facial nerve palsy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997 ;151:1224-1228.
35.
Vrabec JT, Backous DD, Djalilian HR, et al. Facial nerve grading system 2.0. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009; 140:445-450.
36.
House J., Brackmann D.Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985;93:146-147.
37.
Esslen E.Electromyography and electroneurography. In: Fisch U, ed. Facial Nerve Surgery. Amstelveen , Netherlands: Kugler;1977:93-100.
Popovtzer A. , Raveh E., Bahar G., Oestreicher-Kedem Y., Feinmesser R., Nageris BIFacial palsy associated with acute otitis media. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005; 132:327-329.
40.
Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:1089-1134.
41.
Murakami S. , Hato N., Horiuchi J., Honda N., Gyo K., Yanagihara N.Treatment of Ramsay Hunt syndrome with acyclovir-prednisone: significance of early diagnosis and treatment. Ann Neurol . 1997;41:353-357.
42.
Inamura H., Aoyagi M., Tojima H., Kohsyu H., Koike Y.Facial nerve palsy in children: clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment . Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1994;511: 150-152.
43.
Micheli R., Telesca C., Gitti F.Bell’s palsy: diagnostic and therapeutic trial in childhood. Minerva Pediatr. 1996;48: 245-250.
44.
Marenda SA, Olsson JEThe evaluation of facial paralysis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1997;30:669-682.
45.
Ramsey MJ, DerSimonian R., Holtel MR, Burgess LPCorticosteroid treatment for idiopathic facial nerve paralysis: a meta-analysis . Laryngoscope. 2000;110: 335-341.
46.
Adour KK, Ruboyianes JM, Von Doersten PG, et al. Bell’s palsy treatment with acyclovir and prednisone compared with prednisone alone: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1996;105: 371-378.
47.
Axelsson S. , Lindberg S., Stjernquist-Desatnik A.Outcome of treatment with valacyclovir and prednisone in patients with Bell’s palsy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003;112:197-201.
48.
Grogan PM, Gronseth GSPractice parameter: steroids, acyclovir, and surgery for Bell’s palsy (an evidence-based review): Report of the Quality Standards Subcommitee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2001;56:830-836.
49.
Knox GWTreatment controversies in Bell palsy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;124:821-823.
50.
Fisch U.Prognostic value of electrical tests in acute facial paralysis. Am J Otol. 1984;5:494-498.