BersonSAYalowRSAurbachGDPottsJT. Immunoassay of bovine and human parathyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1963; 49: 613–7.
2.
PapapoulosSEManningRMHendyGNLewinIGO'RiordanJLH. Studies of circulating parathyroid hormone in man using a homologous amino-terminal specific immunoradiometric assay. Clin Endocrinol1980; 13: 57–67.
3.
ManningRMAdamiSPapapoulosSEGleedJHHendyGNRosenblattM. A carboxy-terminal specific assay for human parathyroid hormone. Clin Endocrinol1981; 15: 439–49.
4.
MalletteLETumaSNBergerREKirklandJL. Radioimmunoassay for the middle region of human parathyroid hormone using an homologous anti-serum with a carboxy terminal fragment of bovine parathyroid hormone as radioligand. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1982; 54: 1017–24.
5.
NussbaumSRZahradnikRJLavigneJRBrennanGLNozawa-UngKKimLY. Highly sensitive two-site immunoradiometric assay of parathyrin and its clinical utility in evaluating patients with hypercalcaemia. Clin Chem1987; 33: 1364–7.
6.
BrownRCAstonJPWeeksIWoodheadJS. Circulating intact parathyroid hormone measured by a two-site immunochemiluminometric assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1987; 65: 407–14.
7.
LunbergPALindstedtGJanssonSTisellLE. Assay of intact parathyrin in the immediate and long-term post operative follow-up of patients treated for hyperparathyroidism or thyroid tumour. Clin Chem1989; 35: 340–1.
8.
WoodPJ. The measurement of parathyroid hormone. Ann Clin Biochem1992; 29: 11–21.
9.
FischerJA. Parathyroid hormone. In: BronnerFCoburnJ, eds. Disorders of Mineral Metabolism.LondonAcademic Press, 1982: 271–358.
10.
KronenbergHMBringhurstFRSegreGVPottsJT. Parathyroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. In: BilezikianJPMarcusRLevineMA, eds. The Parathyroids, Basic and Clinical Concepts.New York: Raven Press, 1994: 125–37.
11.
NewmanDJAshbyJP. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of a two-site immuno-radiometric assay for intact parathyroid hormone. Ann Clin Biochem1988; 25: 654–60.
12.
ToffalettiJCooperDLLobaughB. The response of parathyroid hormone to specific changes in ionized calcium ionized magnesium, or protein bound calcium in humans. Metabolism1991; 40: 814–8.
13.
RudeRK. Parathyroid function in magnesium deficiency. In: BilezikianJPMarcusRLevineMA, eds. The Parathyroids, Basic and Clinical Concepts.New York: Raven Press, 1994: 829–42.
14.
KitamuraNShigenoCShiomiKLeeKOhtaSSoneT. Episodic fluctuation in serum intact parathyroid hormone in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1990; 70: 252–63.
15.
LogueFCFraserWDO'ReillyD StJBeastallGH. The circadian rhythm of intact parathyroid hormone (1–84) and nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate in normal men. J Endocrinol1989; 121: R1–R3.
16.
LogueFCFraserWDGallacherSJCameronDAO'ReillyD StJBeastallGH. The loss of circadian rhythm for intact parathyroid hormone and nephrogenous cyclic AMP in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Endocrinol1990; 32: 475–83.
17.
LogueFCBeastallGHFraserWDO'ReillyD StJ.Intact parathyroid hormone assays. Br Med J1990; 300: 210–1.
18.
CalvoMSEastellROffordKPBergstralhEJBurrittMF. Circadian variation in ionised calcium and intact parathyroid hormone: Evidence for sex differences in calcium homeostasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1991; 72: 69–76.
19.
CampbellGAKemmJRHoskingDJBoydRV. How common is osteomalacia in the elderly?Lancet1984; ii: 386–8.
20.
OrrellDH. Albumin as an aid to the interpretation of serum calcium. Clin Chim Acta1971; 35: 483–9.
21.
PayneRBLittleAJWilliamsRBMilnerJR. Interpretation of serum calcium in patients with abnormal serum proteins. Br Med J1973; 4: 643–6.
22.
ImrieCWAllamBFFergusonJC. Hypocalcaemia in acute pancreatitis: The effect of hypoalbuminaemia. Curr Med Res Opinion1976; 4: 101–16.
23.
BarthJHFiddyJBPayneRB. Adjustment of serum total calcium for albumin concentration: Effects of non-linearity and of regression differences between laboratories. Ann Clin Biochem1996; 33: 55–8.
24.
AshbyJPWrightDJRinslerMG. The adjusted calcium concept—a reappraisal. Ann Clin Biochem1986; 23: 533–7.
FiskenRAHealthDASomersSBoldAM. Hypercalcaemia in hospital patients. Clinical and diagnostic aspects. Lancet1981; 1: 202–7.
27.
HarropJSBaileyJEWoodheadJS. Incidence of hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism in relation to the biochemical profile. J Clin Pathol1982; 35: 395–400.
28.
GardinJPPaillardM. Normocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism: Resistance to PTH effect on tubular reabsorption of calcium. Min Elect Metab1984; 10: 301–8.
29.
BroadusAEHorstRLLittledikeETMahaffeyJERasmussenH. Primary hyperparathyroidism with intermittent hypercalcaemia: Serial observations and differential diagnosis by means of an oral calcium tolerance test. Clin Endocrinol1980; 12: 225–35.
30.
KlugmanVAFarnsMJPakCYC. Nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism. In: BilezikianJPMarcusRLevineMA, eds. The Parathyroids, Basic and Clinical Concepts.New York: Raven Press, 1994: 505–17.
HeathH. Familial benign (hypocalciuric) hypercalcemia: A troublesome mimic of primary hyperathyroidism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am1989; 18: 723–40.
33.
MarxSJAttieMFLevineMASpiegelAMDownsRWLaskerRD. The hypocalciuric or benign variant of familial hypercalcaemia: Clinical and biochemical features in fifteen kindreds. Medicine1981; 60: 397–412.
34.
StuckleyBGAKentGNGutteridgeDHPullanPTPriceRIBhagatC. Fasting calcium excretion and parathyroid hormone together distinguish familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia from primary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Endocrinol1987; 27: 525–33.
35.
GunnIRWallaceJR. Urine calcium and serum ionised calcium, total calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism and familial benign hypercalcaemia. Ann Clin Biochem1992; 29: 52–8.
36.
HeathDA. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia. In: BilezikianJPLevineMAMarcusR, eds. The Parathyroids, Basic and Clinical ConceptsNew York: Raven Press, 1994: 699–710.
37.
FirekAFKaoPCHeathH. Plasma intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide in familial benign hypercalcemia: Greater responsiveness to endogenous PTH than in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1991: 72: 541–6.
38.
McMurtryCTSchranckFWWalkenhorstDAMurphyWAKocherDBTeitelbaumSL, Significant developmental elevation in serum parathyroid hormone levels in a large kindred with familial benign (hypocalciuric) hypercalcaemia. Am J Med1992; 93: 247–58.
39.
LangmanCBBudayrAASailerDEStrewlerGJ. Non malignant expression of PTHRP is responsible for idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. J Bone Mineral Res1992; (suppl 1); S93.
NewmanDJThakkarHAshbyJP. Clinical utility of region-specific assays in the investigation of hypercalcaemia. Ann Clin Biochem1987; 24 (suppl 1): 150–1.
42.
BlindESchmidt-GaykHScharlaSFlentjeDFischerSGohringU, Two-site assay of intact parathyroid hormone in the investigation of primary hyperparathyroidism and other disorders of calcium metabolism compared with a mid-region assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1988; 67: 353–60.
43.
AstonPWheelerMHBrownRCCurleyIRWoodheadSJ. Laboratory comparison of diagnostic specificity of intact hormone and region-specific immunoassays of parathyroid hormone. World J Surg1990; 14: 419–24.
44.
LjunghallSLarssonKLindhELindquvstURastasJAkerstromG. Disturbance of basal and stimulated intact parathyroid hormone in primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery1991; 110: 47–53.
45.
BlindERaueFGotzmannJSchmidt-GaykHKohlBZeiglerR. Circulating levels of mid-regional parathyroid hormone-related protein in hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Clin Endocrinol1992; 37: 290–7.
46.
MundyGRIbbotsonKJD'SouzaSM. Tumor products and the hypercalcaemia of malignancy. J Clin Invest1985: 76: 391–4.
47.
YoshimotoKYamasakiRSakaiHTezukaUTakahashiMI'ZukaM. Ectopic production of parathyroid hormone by small cell lung cancer in a patient with hypercalcemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1989; 68: 976–81.
48.
NussbaumSRGazRDArnoldA. Hypercalcaemia and ectopic secretion of parathyroid hormone by an ovarian carcinoma with rearrangement of the gene for parathyroid hormone. N Engl J Med1990; 323: 1324–8.
49.
StrewlerGJBudayrAAClarkOHNissensonRA. Production of parathyroid hormone by a malignant non parathyroid tumour in a hypercalcaemic patient. J Clin Endocr Metab1993; 76: 1373–5.
50.
SuvaLJWinslowGAWettenhallREHHammondsRGMoseleyJMDiefenbach-JaggerH. A parathyroid hormone-related protein implicated in malignant hypercalcaemia: Cloning and expression. Science1987; 237: 893–6.
51.
BoscatoLMStuartMC. Incidence and specificity of interference in two-site immunoassays. Clin Chem1986; 32: 1491–5.
52.
ClarkPMRaggattPRPriceCP. Antibodies interfering in immunometric assays. Clin Chem1985;31: 1762.
53.
CusickCFMistryKAddisonGM. Interference in a two-site immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin in a child. Clin Chem1985; 31: 348–9.
54.
HunterWMBuddPS. Circulating antibodies to ovine and bovine immunoglobulins in healthy subjects: A hazard for immunoassays. Lancet1980; ii: 1136.
55.
MalletteLENammourH. False positive elevations of midregion parathyroid hormone: Inhibition of radioligand binding by a heterophilic antibody in patient serum [Abstract 134]. In: CohnDUMartinTJMeunierPJ. Calcium Regulation and Bone Metabolism: Basic and Clinical Aspects: Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Metabolism. Amsterdam, New York: Excerpta; Elsevier Science, 1987.
KasonoKSatoKSuzukiTOhmuraEDemuraRShizumeK. Falsely elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels due to immunoglobulin G in a patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1991; 72: 217–22.
58.
AshbyJPLoveridgeNBrownRCZanelliJMRinslerMGWattsRWE. Anomalies in the assay of parathyroid hormone in normocalcaemic patients with renal stone disease. Clin Endocrinol1988; 29: 131–40.
59.
LipsPNetelenbosJCvan DoomLHackengWHLLipsCJM. Stimulation and suppression of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH1–84) in normal and hyperparathyroid patients. Clin Endocrinol1991; 35: 35–40.
60.
SalazarJDembrowVEgoziI. A review of 265 cases of parathyroid explorations. Am Surgeon1986; 52: 174–6.
61.
StatavaRMBeahrsOHScholzDA. Success rate of cervical exploration for hyperparathyroidism. Arch Surg1975; 110: 625–8.
62.
DoppmanJL. Preoperative localisation of parathyroid tissue in primary hyperparathyroidism. In: BilezikianJPMarcusRLevineMA, eds. The Parathyroids, Basic and Clinical Concepts.New York: Raven Press, 1994: 553–65.
63.
FineEJ. Parathyroid imaging: Its current status and future role. Sem Nucl Med1987; 17: 350–9.
64.
McKillopJHBoyleITGunnIGHutchisonJSF. Preoperative localisation of parathyroid adenomas. Scot Med J1986; 31: 10–14.
65.
BeastallGHMcKellarNBoyleITJoffeSNHutchisonJSFBoyceBF. Preoperative localisation of parathyoid tumours using neck vein catheterisation and radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone: The Glasgow experience. Scot Med J1983; 28: 146–52.
66.
DunlopDABPapapoulosSELodgeRWFultonAJKendallBEO'RiordanJLH. Parathyroid venous sampling: Anatomic considerations and results in 95 patients with primary hyperparathyroidsim. Br J Radiol1980; 53: 183–91.
67.
BrennanMFDoppmanJLKurdyAGMarxSJSpiegelMMAuerbachGD. Assessment of techniques for preoperative parathyroid gland localisation in patients undergoing reoperation for hyperparathyroidism. Surgery1982; 91: 6–11.
68.
YoungAEGauntJLCroftDNCollinsREWellsCPCoakleyAJ. Localisation of parathyroid adenomas by Thallium-201 and Technetium-99m subtraction scanning. Br Med J1983; 286: 1384–6.
69.
FerlinGBorsatoNCameraniMConteNZottiD. New perspectives in localising enlarged parathyroid glands by Technetium-Thallium subtraction scan. J Nucl Med1983; 24: 438–41.
70.
StewartAFBroadusAE. Mineral metabolism. In: FeligPBaxterJDBroadusAEFrohmanLA, eds. Endocrinology and Metabolism.New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987: 1317–453.
71.
LivingstoneJITellezMBurkeMAshbyPJRinslerMG. A five year audit of the role of parathyroid hormone assays and thallium-technetium isotype subtraction scanning in the preoperative investigation of primary hyperparathyroidism. Postgrad Med J1991; 67: 1055–8.
72.
BrasierARWangCANussbaumSR. Recovery of parathyroid hormone secretion after parathyroid adenomectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1988; 66: 495–500.
73.
NussbaumSRThomsonARHutchesonKAGazRDWangC. Intraoperative measurement of parathyroid hormone in the surgical measurement of hyperparathyroidism. Surgery1988; 104: 1121–7.
74.
RyanMFJonesSRBarnesAD. Intraoperative monitoring of parathyroid hormone levels using a rapid immunoradiometric assay method. Ann Clin Biochem1990; 27: 65–8.
75.
RyanMFJonesSRBarnesAD. Clinical evaluation of a rapid parathyroid hormone assay. Ann Clin Biochem1992; 29: 48–51.
76.
WilkinsonH. Hyperparathyroidism. Ann Clin Biochem1990; 27: 603.
77.
DesaiTKCarlsonRWGehebMA. Prevalence and clinical implications of hypocalcaemia in acutely ill patients in the medical intensive care setting. Am J Med1988; 84: 209–14.
78.
ChernowBZalogaGMcFaddenEClapperMKotlerMBartonM. Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med1982; 10: 848–51.
79.
DerasmoAUCeliFSAccMMinistolaSAlibertiGMazzuroliGF. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in cancer patients. Biomed Pharmacol1991; 45: 315–7.
80.
AshbyJPNewmanDJRinslerMG. Is intact PTH a sensitive biochemical indicator of deranged calcium homeostasis in Vitamin D deficiency?Ann Clin Biochem1989; 26: 324–7.
81.
LipsP. Vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis; the role of vitamin D deficiency and treatment with vitamin D and analogues in the prevention of osteoporosis-related fractures. Eur J Clin Invest1996; 26: 436–42.
82.
RudeRKOldhamSBSingerFR. Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in human magnesium deficiency. Clin Endocrinol1976; 5: 209–24.
83.
MaynePDKovarIZ. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the premature infant. Ann Clin Biochem1991; 28: 131–42.
84.
HillmanLSHaddadJG. Hypocalcaemia and other abnormalities of mineral homeostatsis during the neonatal period. In: HeathDAMarxSJ, eds. Calcium Disorders.London: Butterworth Scientific, 1982: 248–76.
85.
OttSMMaloneyNACoburnJWAlfreyACSherrardDJ. The prevalence of bone aluminium deposition in renal osteodystrophy and its relation to the response to calcitriol. N Engl J Med1982; 307: 709–13.
86.
FelsenfieldAJLlachF. Parathyroid gland function in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int1993; 43: 771–89.
87.
HerczGPeiCGreenwoodAManuelASaiphooCGoodmanWG. Aplastic osteodystrophy without aluminium: The role of “suppressed” parathyroid function. Kidney Int1993; 44: 860–6.
88.
AndressDLEndresDBMaloneyNAKoppJBCoburnJWSherrardDJ. Comparison of parathyroid assays with bone histomorphometry in renal osteodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1986; 63: 1163–9.
89.
MoritaATabataTKoyamaHEmotoMInoueTMikiT. A two-site immunochemiluminometric assay for intact parathyroid hormone and its clinical utility in haemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol1992; 38: 154–7.
90.
SahaHPietilaKMustonenJPasternackAMorskyP. Acute effect of dialysate calcium concentration and intravenous vitamin D3 on the secretion of parathyroid hormone in haemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol1992; 38: 145–8.
91.
QuarlesLDLoboughBMurphyG. Intact parathyroid hormone over-estimates the presence and severity of parathyroid-mediated osseous abnormalities in uremia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1992; 75: 145–50.
92.
HutchisonAJWhitehouseRWBoultonHFAdamsJEMawerEBFreemontTJ. Correlation of bone histology with parathyroid hormone, vitamin D3, and radiology in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int1993; 44: 1071–7.
93.
SaluskyIBRamirezJAOppenheimWGalesBSegreGVGoodmanWG. Biochemical markers of renal oteodystrophy in paediatric patients undergoing CAPD/CCPD. Kidney Int1994; 45: 253–8.
94.
GladziwaUIttelTHDakshinamurtyKVSchachtBRiehlJSieberthHG. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and sonographic evaluation of parathyroid gland hyperplasia in dialysis patients. Clin Nephrol1992; 38: 162–6.
95.
TibiLChhabraSCSweetingVMWinneyRJSmithAF. Mutiple forms of alkaline phosphatase in plasma of haemodialysis patients. Clin Chem1991; 37: 815–20.
96.
AndressDLNorrisKCCoburnJWSlatopolskyEASherrardDJ. Intravenous calcitriol in the treatment of refractory osteitis fibrosa of chronic renal failure. N Engl J Med1989; 321: 274–9.
97.
HutchisonAJFreemontAJBoultonHFGokalR. Low-calcium dialysis fluid and oral calcium carbonate in CAPD. A method of controlling hyperphosphataemia whilst minimizing aluminium exposure and hypercalcaemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant1992; 7: 1219–25.
98.
CoenGMazzaferroSBallantiPBonucciECinottiGAFondiG. Two-site immunometric intact parathyroid hormone assay versus C-terminal parathyroid hormone in predicting osteodystrophic bone lesions in predialysis chronic renal failure. J Lab Clin Med1993; 122: 103–9.