McCombRBBowersGNPosenSAlkaline Phosphatase, New York: Plenum Press1979: 986
2.
MossDWMultiple forms of acid and alkaline phosphatases: genetics, expression and tissue-specific modification. Clin Chim Acta1986; 161: 123–35
3.
WolfMDinwoodieAMorganHGComparison of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity using five standard methods. Clin Chim Acta1969; 24: 131–4
4.
HarrisHThe human alkaline phosphatases: what we know and what we don't know. Clin Chim Acta1989; 186: 133–50
5.
GriffinCASmithMHenthornPSHarrisHWeissMJRaduchaMEmanuelBSHuman placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene maps to 2q34–q37. Am J Hum Genet1987; 41: 1025–34
6.
SmithMWeissMJGriffinCAMurrayJCBuetowKHEmanuelBSRegional assignment of the gene for human liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase to chromosome 1p36.1–p34. Genomics1988; 2: 139–43
RobsonEBHarrisHFurther genetics of placental alkaline phosphatase. Ann Hum Genet1967; 30: 219–32
9.
PriceCPHillPGSammonsHGThe nature of the alkaline phosphatases of bile. J Clin Pathol1972; 25: 149–54
10.
PriceCPSammonsHGThe nature of the serum alkaline phosphatases in liver diseases. J Clin Pathol1974; 27: 392–8
11.
De BroeMEBorgersMWiemeRJThe separation and characterisation of liver plasma membrane fragments circulating in the blood of patients with cholestasis. Clin Chim Acta1975; 59: 369–72
12.
CroftonPMSmithAFHigh molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase in serum and bile: physical properties and relationship with other high-molecular-mass enzymes. Clin Chem1981; 27: 860–6
13.
MuellerHDLeungHStinsonRADifferent genes code for alkaline phosphatases from human fetal and adult intestine. Biochem Biophys Res Comm1985; 126: 427–33
14.
RosalkiSBMonoclonal antibodies to enzymes. Clin Chim Acta1989; 183: 45–58
15.
HattoriYYamamotoKUrabeCFuruyaMEguchiHHattoriHFrequency of alkaline phosphatase immunoglobulin complex among disease and healthy population. Clin Chim Acta1985; 147: 155–8
16.
HowardADBergerJGerberLFamillettiPUdenfriendsSCharacterization of the phosphatidylinositol-glycan membrane anchor of human placental alkaline phosphatase. Proc Nat Acad Sci1987; 84: 6055–9
17.
KimEEWyckoffHWStructure of alkaline phosphatases. Clin Chim Acta1989; 186: 175–88
18.
StigbrandTFishmanWHHuman Alkaline Phosphatases.New York: Alan R Liss, 1984: 361
19.
MiuraMMatsuzakiHBailyesEMKoyamaISakagishiYSekineTDifferences between human liver and bone-type alkaline phosphatases. Clin Chim Acta1989; 180: 177–88
20.
OnicaDSundbladLWaldenlindLAffinity electrophoresis of human serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in agarose gel containing lectin. Clin Chim Acta1986; 155: 285–93
21.
WaltonRJPrestonCJRussellRGGKanisJAAn estimate of the turnover rate of bone-derived plasma alkaline phosphatase in Paget's disease. Clin Chim Acta1975; 63: 227–9
22.
BarakYOsteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone marrow aspirated from children with rickets. Acta Paed Scand1970; 59: 363–8
23.
KhairiMRWellmanHNRobbJAJohnstonCCPagets disease of bone (osteitis deformans): symptomatic lesions and bone scan. Ann Int Med1973; 79: 348–51
24.
PosenSCornishCKleerekoperKAlkaline phosphatase and metabolic bone disease. In:AvioliLVKraneSM (eds). Metabolic Bone Disease.New York: Academic Press, 1977: 141–63
25.
NaikRBGoslingPPriceCPComparative study of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes, bone histology and skeletal radiography in dialysis bone disease. BMJ1977; 1: 1307–10
26.
StepánJJTesarováAHavranekTJodlJFormankovaJPackovskyVAge and sex dependency of the biochemical indices of bone remodelling. Clin Chim Acta1985; 151: 273–83
27.
JoplinGFStevensonJCPaget's disease of bone. In:StevensonJC (ed.). New Techniques in Metabolic Bone Disease.London: Wright, 1990: 266–78
28.
BoyleITCurrent problems with rickets and osteomalacia. In:StevensonJC (ed.). New Techniques in Metabolic Bone Disease.London: Wright, 1990: 247–65
29.
EwenLMSeparation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and evaluation of the clinical usefulness of this determination. Am J Clin Pathol1974; 61: 142–7
30.
MaynePDThakrarSRosalkiSBFooAYParbhooSIdentification of bone and liver metastases from breast cancer by measurement of plasma alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity. J Clin Pathol1987; 40: 398–403
PriceCPSammonsHGAn interpretation of the serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme patterns in patients with obstructive liver disease. J Clin Pathol1976; 29: 976–80
33.
De BroeMEPolletDEMulticenter evaluation of human placental alkaline phosphatase as a possible tumor-associated antigen in serum. Clin Chem1988; 34: 1995–9
34.
ThompsonPWHoughtonBJCliffordCJonesDDWhitakerKBMossDWThe source and significance of raised serum enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis. Q J Med1990; 76: 869–79
35.
RosalkiSBFooAYArntsenKWAlkaline phosphatase of possible renal origin identified in plasma after colchicine overdose. Clin Chem1989; 35: 702–3 (letter)
36.
AdeniyiFAOlatunbosumDSOrigins and significance of the increased plasma alkaline phosphatase during normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol1984; 91: 857–62
37.
TibiLPatrickAWLesliePToftADSmithAFAlkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma in hyperthyroidism. Clin Chem1989; 35: 1427–30
SiraganianPAMulvihillJJMulivorRAMillerRWBenign familial hyperphosphatasaemia. J Am Med Assoc1989; 261: 1310–12
40.
PanteghiniMBenign inherited hyperphosphatasaemia of intestinal origin: report of two cases and a brief review of the literature. Clin Chem1991; 37: 1449–52
41.
SteinPRosalkiSBFooAYHjelmMTransient hyperphosphatasaemia of infancy and early childhood: clinical and biochemical features of 21 cases and literature review. Clin Chem1987; 33: 313–18
42.
MuellerHDStinsonRAMohyuddinFMilneJKIsoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in infantile hypophosphatasia. J Lab Clin Med1983; 102: 24–30
43.
WeissMJColeDERayKWhyteMPLaffertyMAMulivorRHarrisHFirst identification of a gene defect for hypophosphatasaemia: evidence that alkaline phosphatase acts in skeletal mineralization. Connect Tissue Res1990; 21: 99–104
44.
BurlinaAGalzignaLParallel electrophoretic fractionation of alkaline phosphatase and serum protein on cellulose acetate strips: clinical evaluation. Clin Chem1976; 22: 261–3
BakerRWRPellegrinoCSeparation and detection of serum enzymes by paper electrophoresis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest1954; 6: 94–9
47.
JenningsRCBrocklehurstDHirstMA comparative study of alkaline phosphatase enzymes using starch gel electrophoresis and Sephadex gel filtration with special reference to high molecular weight enzymes. Clin Chim Acta1970; 30: 509–17
48.
SiedeWHSeiffertVBQuantitative alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. Clin Chem1977; 23: 28–33
49.
HagerstrandISkudeGImproved electrophoretic resolution of human serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in agarose gel by Triton X-100. Scand J Clin Lab Invest1976; 36: 127–9
50.
WalkerAWPollardACObservations on serum alkaline phosphatase electrophoretic patterns on polyacrylamide gel, with particular reference to the effects of butanol extraction. Clin Chim Acta1971; 34: 19–29
51.
MulivorRAHannigVLHarrisHDevelopmental change in human intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Proc Nat Acad Sci1978; 75: 3909–12
52.
MossDWEdwardsRKImproved electrophoretic resolution of bone and liver alkaline phosphatases resulting from partial digestion with neuraminidase. Clin Chim Acta1984; 143: 177–82
53.
RosalkiSBFooAYTwo new methods for separating and quantifying bone and liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma. Clin Chem1984; 30: 1182–6
54.
KuwanaTSugitaOYakataMReference limits of bone and liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the serum of healthy subjects according to age and sex as determined by wheat germ lectin affinity electrophoresis. Clin Chim Acta1988; 173: 273–80
CoccoCMariniMRizzottiPIsoelectric focusing on cellulose acetate membrane: a separation procedure for alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Clin Biochem1987; 20: 399–404
57.
GriffithsJBlackJSeparation and identification of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and isoforms in serum of healthy persons by isoelectric focusing. Clin Chem1987; 33: 2171–7
58.
SinhaPKBianchi-BosisioAMayer-SabellEKRighettiPGResolution of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. Clin Chem1986; 32: 1264–8
59.
BehrWBarnertJQuantification of bone alkaline phosphatase in serum by precipitation with wheat germ lectin: a simplified method and its clinical plausibility. Clin Chem1986; 32: 1960–6
BahrMWilkinsonJHUrea as a selective inhibitor of human tissue alkaline phosphatases. Clin Chim Acta1967; 17: 367–70
62.
BirkittDJConyersRAJNealeFCPosenSBrudenell-WoodsJAction of urea on human alkaline phosphatases: with a description of some automated techniques for the study of enzyme kinetics. Arch Biochem Biophys1967; 121: 470–9
63.
WinkelmanJNadlerSDemetriouJPileggiVJThe clinical usefulness of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determinations. Am J Clin Path1972; 57: 625–34
64.
GerhardtWLykkegaardNielsen MVagnNielsen OOlsenJSStatlandBERoutine measurements of liver and bone alkaline phosphatase in serum. Differential inhibition by L-phenylalanine and carbamide (urea) on the LKB 8600 reaction rate analyzer. Clin Chim Acta1974; 53: 281–90
65.
StatlandBENishiHHYoungDSSerum alkaline phosphatase: total activity and isoenzyme determination made by use of a centrifugal fast analyzer. Clin Chem1972; 18: 1468–74
66.
BrownPBLewisKOReaction rate retardation as a method for serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme measurement. Ann Clin Biochem1980; 17: 192–8
67.
ForsmanRWO'BrienJFQuantifying bone and liver alkaline phosphatase by the resolution of two-component inactivation data obtained with a centrifugal analyzer. Clin Chem1991; 37: 347–50
68.
BergstromKLefvertKPractical aspects of the determination of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes using L-phenylalanine and urea. Clin Chim Acta1975; 64: 95–100
69.
TillyerCRError estimation in the quantification of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by selective inhibition methods. Clin Chem1988; 34: 2490–3
70.
GerhardtWLykkegaardNeilsen MVagnNielsen OOlsenJSStalandBEClinical evaluation of routine measurement of liver and bone alkaline phosphatases in human serum. Differential inhibition by L-phenylalanine and carbamide (urea) on the LKB 8600 reaction rate analyzer. Clin Chim Acta1974;53:291–7
71.
ShephardMDSPeakeMJQuantitative method for determining serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity I. Guanidine hydrochloride: new reagent for selectively inhibiting major serum isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase. J Clin Pathol1986; 39: 1025–30
72.
ShephardMDSPeakeMJWalmsleyRNQuantitative method for determining serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity II. Development and clinical application of method for measuring four serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. J Clin Pathol1986; 39: 1031–8
73.
FitzpatrickCPPardueHLSimultaneous determination of liver and bone-type alkaline phosphatase by curve-fitting of inhibitor kinetic data. I. Development and evaluation of an absorbance based model. Clin Chem1992; 38: 238–46
74.
FitzpatrickCPPardueHLSimultaneous determination of liver and bone-type alkaline phosphatase by curve-fitting of inhibition kinetic data. II. Development and evaluation of a fluorescence-based model. Clin Chem1992; 38: 247–55
75.
PosenSNealeFCClubbJSHeat inactivation in the study of human alkaline phosphatase. Ann Int Med1965; 62: 1234–43
76.
StepànJVolekVKolàrJA modified inactivation-inhibition method for determining the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Clin Chim Acta1976; 69: 1–9
77.
PetitclercCQuantitative fractionation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes according to their thermostability. Clin Chem1976; 22: 42–8
78.
WhitbyLGMossDWAnalysis of heat inactivation curves of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum. Clin Chim Acta1975; 59: 361–7
79.
MossDWWhitbyLGA simplified heat inactivation method for investigating alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum. Clin Chim Acta1975; 61: 63–71
80.
SamuelsonRCMossDWComparison of ethanol-precipitation and heat inactivation in the identification of alkaline phosphatases from bone and liver in serum. Clin Chim Acta1976; 72: 157–9
81.
FishmanWHGreenSInglisNIL-phenylalanine: an organ specific, stereospecific inhibitor of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Nature1963; 198: 685–6
82.
FishmanWHSieHGL-homoarginine; an inhibitor of serum “bone and liver” alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chim Acta1970; 29: 339–41
83.
Van BelleHAlkaline phosphatase I. Kinetics and inhibition by levamisole of purified isoenzymes from humans. Clin Chem1976; 22: 972–66
84.
Van BelleHDe BroeMEWiemeRJL-p-bromotetramisole, a new reagent for use in measuring placental or intestinal isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in human serum. Clin Chem1977; 23: 454–9
85.
SchoenauEHerzogKHBoehiesH-JLiquid chromatographic determination of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in serum and tissue homogenates. Clin Chem1986; 32: 816–18
86.
BielbyJPChinCAlkaline phosphatase isoenzymes incompletely resolved by “fast protein liquid chromatography”. Clin Chem1987; 33: 2327 (letter)
87.
ParviainenMTGallowayJHTowersJHKanisJAAlkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum determined by high-performance anion-exchange liquid chromatography with detection by enzyme reaction. Clin Chem1988; 34: 2406–9
88.
SeveriniGAlibertiLMDi Giovannan-DreaRDiagnostic aspects of alkaline phosphatase: separation of isoenzymes in normal and pathological human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatog Biomed Appl1991; 563: 147–52
89.
GonchoroffDGBranumELO'BrienJFAlkaline phosphatase isoenzymes of liver and bone origin are incompletely resolved by wheat-germ-lectin affinity chromatography. Clin Chem1989; 35: 29–32
90.
AndersonDJBranumELO'BrienJFLiver- and bone-derived isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in serum as determined by high-performance affinity chromatography. Clin Chem1990; 36: 240–6
91.
CroftonPMSmithAFAn ion-exchange assay for high molecular weight alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chim Acta1979; 98: 253–61
92.
DunneJFennellyJJMcGeeneyKSeparation of alkaline phosphatase enzymes in human serum using gel filtration (Sephadex G200) techniques. Cancer1967; 20: 71–6
93.
SchlamowitzMSpecificity of dog intestinal phosphatase antiserum. J Biol Chem1954; 206: 369–74
94.
SchlamowitzMBodanskyOTissue sources of human serum alkaline phosphatase as determined by immunochemical procedures. J Biol Chem1959; 234: 1433–8
95.
LehmannF-GImmunological relationship between human placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chim Acta1975; 65: 257–69
96.
SlaughterCAGogolinKJCoseaMCMeyerLJLeskoJHarrisHDiscrimination of human placental alkaline phosphatase allelic variants by monoclonal antibodies. Am J Hum Genet1983; 35: 1–20
97.
TraversPBodmerWPreparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against placental alkaline phosphatase and other trophoblast-associated determinants. Int J Cancer1984; 33: 633–41
98.
BailyesEMSeymourPMFultonIPriceCPLuzioJPA monoclonal antibody capture assay for intestinal alkaline phosphatase and the measurement of this isoenzyme in pregnancy. Clin Chim Acta1988; 172: 267–74
99.
VockleyJMeyerLJHarrisHDifferentiation of human adult and fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatases with monoclonal antibodies. Am J Hum Genet1984; 36: 987–1000
100.
PosenSKleerekoperMCornishCSerum alkaline phosphatase in the diagnosis of metabolic bone disorders. In:FrameBParfittAMDuncanH (eds). Clinical Aspects of Metabolic Bone Disease.Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1973: 74–91
101.
SussmanHHSource of the increased serum alkaline phosphatase in Paget's disease. Clin Chim Acta1970; 27: 121–4
102.
SinghITsangKLAn in vitro production of bone specific alkaline phosphatase. Exp Cell Res1975; 95: 347–58
103.
AndrewsPWHeyerLJBednarzKHarrisHTwo monoclonal antibodies recognizing determinants of human embryonal carcinoma cells react specifically with liver isozymes of human alkaline phosphatase. Hybridoma1984; 3: 33–9
104.
MeyerLJLaffertyMARaduchaMGProduction of a monoclonal antibody to human liver alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chim Acta1982; 126: 108–17
105.
LawsonGMKatzmannJAKimzingerTKO'BrienJFIsolation and preliminary characterisation of a monoclonal antibody that interacts preferentially with the liver isoenzyme of human alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chem1985; 31: 381–5
106.
BailyesEMSeabrookRNCalvinJMaguireGAPriceCPSiddleKThe preparation of monoclonal antibodies to human bone and liver alkaline phosphatase and their use in immunoaffinity purification and in studying these enzymes when present in serum. Biochem J1987; 244: 725–33
107.
SeabrookRNBailyesEMPriceCPSiddleKLuzioJPThe distinction of bone and liver isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in serum using a monoclonal antibody. Clin Chim Acta1988; 172: 261–6
108.
DengJTParsonsPGSolid phase immunoassay for high molecular weight alkaline phosphatase in human sera using a specific monoclonal antibody. Clin Chim Acta1988; 176: 291–301
109.
HillCSWolfenRLThe preparation of monoclonal antibodies which react preferentially with human bone alkaline phosphatase and no liver alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chim Acta1989; 186: 315–20
110.
MasuharaKSuzukiSYoshikawaHTsudaTTakaokaKOnoKDevelopment of a monoclonal antibody specific for human bone alkaline phosphatase. Bone Mineral1992; 17: 182–86
111.
Van HoofVOHoylaertsMFGerylHVan MullemMLepoutreLGDe BroeMEAge and sex distribution of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by agarose electrophoresis. Clin Chem1990; 36: 875–8
112.
WhitakerKBWhitbyLGMossDWActivities of bone and liver alkaline phosphatases in serum in health and disease. Clin Chim Acta1977; 80: 209–20
113.
CroftonPMWheat germ lectin affinity electrophoresis for alkaline phosphatase isoforms in children: age dependent reference ranges and changes in liver and bone disease. Clin Chem1992; 38: 663–70
114.
CroftonPMProperties of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma of pre-term and term neonates. Clin Chem1987; 33: 1778–82
115.
SchieleFHennyJHitzJPetitclercCGueguenRSiestGTotal bone and liver alkaline phosphatases in plasma: biological variations and reference limits. Clin Chem1983; 29: 634–41
116.
CrillyRGJonesMMHorsmanANordinBECRise in plasma alkaline phosphatase at the menopause. Clin Sci1980; 58: 341–2
117.
ValenzuelaFJMunsonLATarbauxNMFarleyJRTime-dependent changes in bone, placental, intestinal and hepatic alkaline phosphatase activities in serum during human pregnancy. Clin Chem1987; 33: 1801–6
118.
DomarUHiranoKStigbrandTSerum levels of human alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in relation to blood groups. Clin Chim Acta1991; 203: 305–14
119.
HiranoKMatsumotoHTanakaTHayashiYLinoSDomarUSpecific assays for human alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Clin Chim Acta1987; 166: 265–73
120.
FarleyJRKyeyune-NyombiETarbauxNMHallSLStrongDDAlkaline phosphatase activity from human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-ZZ: an isoenzyme standard for quantifying skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity in serum. Clin Chem1989; 35: 223–9