In X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, specific elements, particularly neighboring elements, interfere with each other. A wavelength-dispersive optical system based on double-curved crystal (DCC) with multiple faces was designed. A Johann-type graphite curved crystal was used to focus the monochromatic excitation light, and a logarithmic spiral graphite curved crystal was used to collect the target fluorescence (Cl, 2.62 keV). The experimental results show that the wavelength dispersion device based on the DCC technology has a Cl detection limit of 0.18 part per million (ppm) when used for oil products. In the detection of a 1 ppm standard sample, the detection range of the device was 0.38 ppm, demonstrating good stability. Based on the fluorescence spectroscopy and detection results, the DCC technology could completely eliminate the influence of a high S concentration on Cl detection.
BeumerB.RadleyI.. “New X-ray Fluorescence Methods Enable Real-Time Detection of Low Sulfur Concentration in Hydrocarbons”. Hydrocarbon Process. 2004. 83(2): 49–53.
3.
Kubala-KukusA.BanaíD.BraziewiczJ.DziadowiczM., et al. “X-ray Spectrometry and X-ray Microtomography Techniques for Soil and Geological Samples Analysis”. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B. 2015. 364: 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.07.136
4.
FeynmanR.P.. “The Origin of the Refractive Index”. The Feynman Lectures on Physics. China: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 2005. Chap. 31. Pp. 1–19.
5.
FoxR.GurmanS. J.. “EXAFS and Surface EXAFS from Measurements of X-ray Reflectivity”. J Phys. C.: Solid State Phys. 1980. 13(11): L249. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/13/11/002
6.
ShiS.WangX.MaL., et al. “Diffraction of Light”. Physical Optics and Applied Optics. China: Xidian University Press, 2000. 3rd ed. Chap. 3, P. 131.
7.
WittryD. B.GolijaninD.M.. “Alignment and Characterization of Doubly-Curved X-ray Diffractors”. In: GeissR.H., editors. Microbeam Analysis. San Francisco: Microbeam Analysis Society, 1987. Pp. 51–55.
8.
JahrmanE.P.SeidlerG.T.SieberJ.R.. “Determination of Hexavalent Chromium Fractions in Plastics Using Laboratory-Based, High-Resolution X-ray Emission Spectroscopy”. Anal. Chem. 2018. 90(11): 6587–6593. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00302
9.
ChenZ.W.WeiF.RadleyI.BeumerB.. “Low-Level Sulfur in Fuel Determination Using Monochromatic WD XRF—ASTM D 7039-04”. J. ASTM Int. 2005. 2(8): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI12971
LuC.LiQ.LiW.WangK., et al. “X-ray Fluorescence Detection System for Trace Elements in Oil Based on Graphite Curved Crystal Technology”. Appl. Opt. 2024. 63(17): 4590–4597. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.523023
15.
ChenZ.W.WittryD.B.. “Microanalysis by Monochromatic Microprobe X-ray Fluorescence-Physical Basis, Properties, and Future Prospects”. J. Appl. Phys. 1998. 84(2): 1064–1073. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.368105
16.
WittryD. B.. Curved Crystal X-ray Optical Device and Method of Fabrication. US Patent 6236710B1. Filed 1999. Issued 2001.
17.
PeaseD.M.DanielM.BudnickJ.I.RhodesT., et al. “Log Spiral of Revolution Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Monochromator for Fluorescence X-ray Absorption Edge Fine Structure”. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2000. 71(9): 3267–3273. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1287753
18.
UschmannI.NothelleU.FörsterE., et al. “High Efficiency, High Quality X-ray Optic Based on Ellipsoidally Bent Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Crystal for Ultrafast X-ray Diffraction Experiments”. Appl. Optics. 2005. 44(24): 5069–5075.10.1364/ao.44.005069
19.
Rigaku Electric Industry Co. Principle and Application of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis. China: Rigaku XRF Spectrometer Users Association, 1997. Chap. 2, P. 26.
ShrivastavaA.GuptaV.B.. “Methods for the Determination of Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation of the Analytical Methods”. Chron. Young Sci. 2011. 2(1): 21–25. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.79345
