Although James Costen was not the first to ascribe ear pain, tinnitus, impaired hearing, and even dizziness to temporomandibular joint dysfunction, he developed an integrated and systematic approach ascribing the symptoms to dental malocclusion. He wrote extensively on it, and a few years after his original article, the term Costen's syndrome came into general use. Recently, the use of the eponym has decreased, as dental malocclusion has assumed a lesser role in explaining many of the symptoms formerly ascribed to it.
CostenJB. A syndrome of ear and sinus symptoms dependent upon disturbed function of the temporomandibular joint. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1934; 43: 1–15.
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CostenJB. Group of symptoms frequently involved in general diagnosis, typical of sinus and ear disease and of mandibular joint pathology. J Mo Med Assoc1935; 32: 184–90.
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CostenJB. Neuralgias and ear symptoms involved in general diagnosis due to mandibular joint pathology. J Kans Med Soc1935; 36: 315–21.
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CostenJB. Glossodynia; reflex irritation from mandibular joint as principal etiologic factor; study of 10 cases. Arch Otolaryngol1935; 22: 554–64.
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CostenJB. Neuralgias and ear symptoms associated with disturbed function of temporomandibular joint. JAMA1936; 107: 252–5.
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CostenJB. Some features of mandibular articulation as it pertains to otolaryngology. Int J Orthodontia1936; 22: 1011–7.
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CostenJB. Neuralgias and ear symptoms associated with mandibularjoint. Trans Sec Laryngol Otol Rhinol AMA1936: 72–83.
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CostenJB. Summary of neuralgias and ear symptoms associated with mandibular joint. Miss Doct1937; 15: 33–41.
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CostenJB. Some features of mandibular articulation as it pertains to medical diagnosis, especially in otolaryngology. J Am Dent Assoc1937; 24: 1507–11.
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ErnstECCostenJB. X-ray study in relation to mandibular joint syndrome. Radiology1938; 30: 68–75.
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CostenJB. Correlation of x-ray findings in mandibular joint with clinical signs, especially trismus. J Am Dent Assoc1939; 26: 405–7.
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CostenJB. Mechanism of trismus and its occurrence in mandibular joint dysfunction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1939; 48: 499–514.
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GoodfriendDJ. Abnormalities of mandibular articulation. J Am Dent Assoc1934; 21: 204–18.
15.
RoydhouseN. In defence of Costen's syndrome. J Otolaryngol Soc Aust1970; 3: 106–14.
16.
HiltonJ. On rest and pain. 2nd ed.New York, NY: William Wood, 1879: 44.
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SicherH. Temporomandibular articulation in mandibular overclosure. J Am Dent Assoc1948; 36: 131–9.
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ShapiroHHTruexRC. Temporomandibular joint and auditory function. J Am Dent Assoc1943; 30: 1147–68.
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FreeseAS. Costen's syndrome: a reinterpretation. AMA Arch Otolaryngol1959; 70: 309–14.
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CholeRAParkerWS. Tinnitus and vertigo in patients with temporomandibular disorder. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1992; 118: 817–21.
21.
GreeneCS. A survey of current professional concepts and opinions about the myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome. J Am Dent Assoc1973; 86: 128–36.
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GreeneCS. The temporomandibular syndrome. JAMA1973; 224: 622.
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LermanMD. A unifying concept of the TMJ pain-dysfunction syndrome. J Am Dent Assoc1973; 86: 833–41.
24.
HankeyGT. Some observations on Costen's mandibular syndrome: including a review of 100 out of 500 cases. Proc R Soc Med1957; 51: 225–8.
