Patients suspected of giant cell arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica are often referred to the otolaryngologist for temporal artery biopsy. These patients may initially present to the otolaryngologist with symptoms referable to the head and neck. a comprehensive review of these two interrelated disorders is provided, with emphasis on head and neck manifestations and features of obtaining the temporal artery biopsy specimen.
SoffermanRA. Cranial arteritis in otolaryngology. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1980; 89: 215–9
2.
Tadhkirat — Memorandum book of a tenth century oculist. WoodCasey A., trans. 1st ed.Chicago: Northwestern University, 1936.
3.
HutchinsonJ. Diseases of the arteries. On a peculiar form of thrombotic arteritis of the aged which is sometimes productive of gangrene. Arch Surg (Lond)1889–1890; 1: 323
4.
HortonBTMagathTBBrownGE. An undescribed form of arteritis of the temporal vessels. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin1932; 7: 700
5.
JenningsGH. Arteritis of the temporal vessels. Lancet1938; 1: 424–8
BruceW. Senile rheumatic gout. Br Med J1888; 2: 811–3
8.
MeulengrachtE. Periarthrosis humeroscapularis with prolonged fever, loss of weight and greatly increased blood sedimentation rate. Nord Med1943; 27: 1569
ChuangT-YHunderGGIlstrupDMKurlandLT. Polymyalgia rheumatica, a 10-year epidemiologic and clinical study. Ann Intern Med1982; 97: 672–80
16.
BengtssonBAMalmvallB. The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis including temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum1981; 24: 899–904
17.
JonassonFCullenJFEltonRA. Temporal arteritis. A 14 year epidemiological, clinical and prognostic study. Scott Med J1979; 24: 111–7
18.
FauchaldPRygvoldOOysteseB. Temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica clinical and biopsy findings. Ann Intern Med1972; 77: 845–52
19.
HustonKAHunderGG. Giant cell arteritis: A clinical review. Am Heart J1980; 100: 99–105
20.
HamrinBJonssonNHellstenS. Polymyalgia arteritica: Further clinical and histopathological studies with a report of six autopsy cases. Ann Rheum Dis1968; 27: 397–405
21.
ArmstrongRDBehnAMylesAPanayiGSWelshKI. Histocompatibility antigens in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. J Rheumatol1983; 10: 659–61
22.
BarrierJBignonJDSouilliouJPGroleauJ. Increased prevalence of HLA DR4 in giant cell arteritis [Letter]. N Engl J Med1981; 305: 104–5
23.
CalamiaKTMooreSBElvebackLRHunderGG. HLA-DR locus antigens in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. J Rheumatol1981; 8: 993–6
24.
O'BrienJP. A concept of diffuse actinic arthritis. The role of actinic damage to elastin in “age change” and arteritis of the temporal artery and in polymyalgia rheumatica. Br J Dermatol1978; 98: 1–13
25.
KingDTFreedJF. Giant cell arteritis in an elderly black woman [Letter]. Arthritis Rheum1979; 22: 202–3
26.
WilskeKRHealeyLA. Giant cell arteritis in two Chinese patients [Letter]. Arthritis Rheum1984; 27: 120
27.
SmithCAFidlerWJPinalsRS. The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis. Report of a ten-year study in Shelby County, Tennessee. Arthritis Rheum1983; 26: 1214–9
28.
HunderGGShepsJGAllenGLJoyceLW. Daily and alternate day corticosteroid regimens in treatment of giant cell arteritis. Comparison in a prospective study. Ann Intern Med1975; 82: 613–8
29.
GranatoJEAbbenRPMayWS. Familial association of giant cell arteritis: A case report and brief review. Arch Intern Med1981; 141: 115–7
30.
FriedmanGFriedmanBBenbassatJ. Epidemiology of temporal arteritis in Israel. Isr J Med Sci1982; 18: 241–4
31.
HallSPersellinSLieJTO'BrienPCKurlandLTHunderGG. The therapeutic impact of temporal artery biopsy. Lancet1983; 2: 1217–20
32.
GrahameRBluestoneRHoldPJL. Recurrent blanching of the tongue due to giant cell arteritis. Ann Intern Med1968; 69: 781–2
33.
BrearlyBFMacDonaldJG. Temporal arteritis resulting in infected gangrene of the tongue. Br Med J1961; 1: 1151–2
34.
DresserEJ. Moisis, trismus, and dysphagia. An unusual presentation of temporal arteritis. Ann Intern Med1969; 71: 961–2
EttlingerREHunderGGWardLL. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Annu Rev Med1978; 29: 15–22
40.
CullenJF. Temporal arteritis: Occurrence of ocular complications 7 years after diagnosis. Br J Ophthalmol1972; 56: 584–8
41.
MartinEA. Double vision and temporal arteritis. J Ir Med Assoc1970; 63: 191–3
42.
CalamiaKTHunderGG. Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) presenting as fever of unknown origin. Arthritis Rheum1981; 24: 1414–8
43.
HowJStrachanRW. Aortic regurgitation as a manifestation of giant cell arteritis. Br Heart J1978; 40: 1052–4
44.
PapaioannouCCHunderGGLieJT. Vasculitis of the gallbladder in a 70 year old man with giant cell (temporal) arteritis. J Rheumatol1979; 6: 71–6
45.
EllingHKristensenIB. Fatal renal failure in polymyalgia rheumatica caused by disseminated giant cell arteritis. Scand J Rheumatol1980; 9: 206–8
46.
PetridesMRobertsonIGFoxH. Giant cell arteritis of the female genital tract. Br J Obstet Gynaecol1979; 86: 148–51
47.
DupondJLdes FlorisR Leconte. Temporal arteritis manifested as an acute febrile pericarditis [Letter]. JAMA1982; 247;2371–2
48.
PotterBTHousleyEThomasonD. Giant cell arteritis mimicking carcinoma of the breast. Br Med J [Clin Res]1981; 282: 1665–6
49.
BradleyJDPinalsRJBlumenfieldHBPostonWM. Giant cell arteritis with pulmonary nodules. Am J Med1984; 77: 135–40
50.
SmithMDBrooksPM. Temporal arteritis presenting as a symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis. Aust NZ J Med1983; 13: 639–40
51.
BrukMI. Articular and vascular manifestations of polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis1967; 26: 103–13
52.
HendersonAH. Tongue pain with giant cell arteritis. Br Med J1967; 4: 337
53.
ShapiroLMedsgerTAJr.NicholasJJ. Brachial plexitis mimicking C5 radiculopathy — A presentation of giant cell arteritis [Letter]. J Rheumatol1983; 10: 670–1
54.
BillerJAsconapeJWeinblattMETooleJF. Temporal arteritis associated with normal sedimentation rate. JAMA1982; 247: 486–7
55.
EnosWFPierreRVRosenblattJE. Giant cell arteritis detected by bone marrow biopsy. Mayo Clin Proc1981; 56: 381–3
56.
EshagianJGoekenJA. C-reactive protein in giant cell (cranial, temporal) arteritis. Ophthalmology (Rochester)1980; 87: 1160–6
57.
ParkJRJonesJGHazelmanBL. Relationship of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate to acute phase proteins in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis1981; 40: 493–5
58.
LitwackKDBohanASilvermanL. Granulomatous liver disease and giant cell arteritis. Case report and literature review. J Rheumatol1977; 4: 307–12
59.
LeongASAlpMH. Hepatocellular disease in the giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis1981; 40: 92–5
60.
GordonMGordonEP. Temporal arteritis: Cerebrospinal fluid and brain scan abnormalities [Case report]. J Am Geriatr Soc1980; 28: 136–8
61.
ElliottDLWattsWJReulerJB. Management of suspected temporal arteritis, a decision analysis. Med Decis Making1983; 3: 63–8
62.
HedgesTRGiegerGLAlbertDM. The clinical value of negative temporal artery biopsy specimens. Arch Ophthalmol1983; 101: 1251–4
63.
Anonymous. Temporal artery biopsy [Editorial]. Lancet January 1983, pp. 396–7
64.
MoorePMCuppsTR. Neurologic complications of vasculitis. Ann Neurol1983; 14: 155–67
65.
KleinRGCampbellRJHunderGGCarneyJA. Skip lesions in temporal arteritis. Mayo Clin Proc1976; 51: 504–10
66.
AlsopCHGallagherPJ. Temporal artery biopsy in giant cell arteritis. A reappraisal. Am J Surg Pathol1981; 5: 317–23
67.
AllisonMCGallagherPJ. Temporal artery biopsy and corticosteroid treatment. Ann Rheum Dis1984; 43: 416–7
68.
HorwitzHMPepePFJohnsrudeISMcCoyRCJacksonDCFarmerJC. Temporal arteriography and immunofluorescence as diagnostic tools in temporal arteritis. J Rheumatol1977; 4: 76–85
69.
BarrierJPotelGRenaut-HovasseH. The use of Doppler flow studies in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis — Selection of temporal artery biopsy site is facilitated. JAMA1982; 248: 2158–9
70.
KleinRGHunderGGStansonJWShepsSG. Large artery involvement in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Ann Intern Med1975; 83: 806–12
71.
BirkheadNCWagenerHPShickRM. Treatment of temporal arteritis with adrenal corticosteroids: Results in fifty-five cases in which the lesion was proved at biopsy. JAMA1957; 163: 821–7
72.
FultonABLeeRVJambolLMAlbertDM. Active giant cell arteritis with cerebral involvement: Findings following four years of corticosteroid therapy. Arch Ophthalmol1976; 94: 2068–71
73.
HealeyLAWilskeKR. The systemic manifestations of temporal arteritis. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1978: 120
74.
Fernandez-HerlihyL. Duration of corticosteroid therapy in giant cell arteritis. J Rheumatol1980; 7: 361–4
75.
BlumbergSGiansiracusaDFDockenWPKantrowitzFG. Recurrence of temporal arteritis. Clinical recurrence nine years after initial illness. JAMA1980; 244: 1713
76.
JonesJGHazlemanBL. Prognosis and management of polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis1981; 40: 1–5