The effects of four neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, enkephalin, bombesin, and substance P, on mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus were investigated in vivo. The peptides were administered via the feeding artery (arteria maxillaris), and the resulting effects were registered with a noninvasive photoelectric technique. The peptides were tested in the dose range 0.0001 to 10 μg/kg body weight. The following results were observed: 1) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and enkephalin did not influence mucociliary activity; 2) bombesin had only a slight accelerating effect on the mucociliary activity at doses of 0.1 to 10 μg/kg; and 3) substance P markedly accelerated the mucociliary activity in a dose-dependent manner in the dose range 0.01 to 10 μg/kg, the maximal increase being about 50%. The effect of substance P was atropine-resistant, and probably acted directly on the mucosa.
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