Thyroglossal duct cysts (TDCs) are common congenital abnormalities of thyroid development. Carcinoma occurs rarely in patients with TDCs. In a large case series drawn from medical records at a health maintenance organization from 1971 through 1995, 14 cases of carcinoma in a TDC were found. This represents the largest known reported case series to date. Demographics, diagnosis, and treatment methods are reviewed. We recommend the Sistrunk operation and evaluation of the thyroid gland and neck for potential abnormality that would necessitate thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection. Long-term follow-up incorporating clinical examination is mandatory.
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