Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 Is Correlated With Glycemic Control and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online April, 2013
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 Is Correlated With Glycemic Control and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
We evaluated the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and their association with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in 199 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome ([MetS], group A) in comparison with 109 healthy controls (group B). In group A, MCP-1 levels were significantly (P < .001) higher than group B and exhibited a positive correlation with HbA1c (P < .001) and a negative correlation with ankle–brachial index (P < .001). In the same group, patients with PAD had significantly higher MCP-1 levels compared with those without PAD (P < .001). In conclusion, T2DM patients with MetS exhibit higher serum MCP-1 levels. The latter is associated with worse glycemic control and PAD. These results suggest a potential contributory role for MCP-1 in the pathogenesis of PAD in the presence of hyperglycemia and MetS in T2DM.
ReavenGM.Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37(12):1595–1607.
2.
FordESGilesWHOMokdadAH. Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2444–2449.
3.
AthyrosVGGanotakisESElisafMMikhailidisDP. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Education Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005;21(8):1157–1159.
4.
LieseADMayer-DavisEJHaffnerSM. Development of the multiple metabolic syndrome: an epidemiologic perspective. Epidemiol Rev. 1998;20(2):157–172.
5.
MeigsJBD’AgostinoRBSrWilsonPWCupplesLANathanDMSingerDE. Risk variable clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome. The Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes. 1997; 46(10):1594–1600.
PyoraläMMiettinenHHalonenPLaaksoMPyoraläK. Insulin resistance syndrome predicts the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in healthy middle-aged men: the 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20(2):538–544.
8.
FestaAD'AgostinoRJrHowardGMykkanenLTracyRPHaffnerSM. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulation. 2000;102(1):42–47.
9.
IngelssonEHultheJLindL. Inflammatory markers in relation to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008;38(7):502–509.
10.
PickupJCCrookMA. Is type II diabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system?Diabetologia. 1998;41(10):1241–1248.
11.
RaderDJ. Inflammatory markers of coronary risk. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(16):1179–1182.
12.
PradhanADRidkerPM. Do atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes share a common inflammatory basis?Eur Heart J. 2002;23(11):831–834.
13.
Fernandez-RealJMRicartW. Insulin resistance and inflammation in an evolutionary perspective: the contribution of cytokine genotype/phenotype to thriftiness. Diabetologia. 1999;42(11):1367–1374.
14.
RossR. Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(2):115–126.
15.
ShinWSSzubaARocksonSG. The role of chemokines in human cardiovascular pathology: enhanced biological insights. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160(1):91–102.
16.
CharoIFRansohoffRM. The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(6):610–621.
17.
CarrMWRothSJLutherERoseSSSpringerTA. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 acts as a T-lymphocyte chemoattractant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(9):3652–3656.
18.
XuLLWarrenMKRoseWLGongWWangJM. Human recombinant monocyte chemotactic protein and other C-C chemokines bind and induce directional migration of dendritic cells in vitro. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;60(3):365–371.
19.
SellHDietze-SchroederDKaiserUEckelJ. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 is a potential player in the negative cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Endocrinology. 2006;147(5):2458–2467.
20.
KouyamaKMiyakeKZenibayashiM. Association of serum MCP-1 concentration and MCP-1 polymorphism with insulin resistance in Japanese individuals with obese type 2 diabetes. Kobe J Med Sci. 2008;53(6):345–354.
21.
NelkenNACoughlinSRGordonD. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human atheromatous plaques. J Clin Invest. 1991;88(4):1121–1127.
22.
YuXDluzSGravesDT. Elevated expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 by vascular smooth muscle cells in hypercholesterolemic primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89(15):6953–6957.
23.
AlbertiKGZimmetPShawJ, IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1059–1062.
24.
AlbertiKGEckelRHGrundySM. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640–1645.
25.
ChimonasTAthyrosVGGanotakisE. Cardiovascular risk factors and estimated 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular events using various equations in Greeks with metabolic syndrome. Angiology. 2010;61(1):49–57.
26.
Al-QaisiMNottDMKingDHKaddouraS. Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI): an update for practitioners. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):833–841.
27.
PapanasNSymeonidisGMavridisG. Ankle-brachial index: a surrogate marker of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus?Int Angiol. 2007;26(3):253–257.
28.
McDermottMMCriquiMHLiuK. Lower ankle/brachial index, as calculated by averaging the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arterial pressures, and association with leg functioning in peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2000;32(6):1164–1171.
29.
PapanasNKakagiaDPapatheodorouK. Lanarkshire Oximetry Index as a diagnostic tool for peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. Angiology. 2010;61(4):388–391.
30.
PiemontiLCaloriGMercalliA. Fasting plasma leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2, and monocyte chemoattracting protein 1 concentration in a population of glucose-tolerant and glucose-intolerant women: impact on cardiovascular mortality. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(10):2883–2889.
31.
PiemontiLCaloriGLattuadaG. Association between plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentration and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(11):2105–2110.
32.
MineSOkadaYTanikawaTKawaharaCTabataTTanakaY. Increased expression levels of monocyte CCR2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;344(3):780–785.
33.
WasilewskaATenderendaETaranta-JanuszKTobolczykJStypułkowskaJ. Markers of systemic inflammation in children with hyperuricemia [published online ahead of print December 24 2011]. Acta Paediatr. 2011.
34.
LiHDengXLiZLuoCLiuJWangY. Variation of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2011;31(3):312–316.
35.
HerderCMüller-ScholzeSRatingP. Systemic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations are independent of type 2 diabetes or parameters of obesity: results from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg Survey S4 (KORA S4). Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154(2):311–317.
36.
KohKKAhnJYHanSH. Pleiotropic effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker in hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(5):905–910.
37.
KohKKQuonMJHanSH. Additive beneficial effects of losartan combined with simvastatin in the treatment of hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients. Circulation. 2004;110(24):3687–3692.
38.
MohantyPAljadaAGhanimH. Evidence for a potent antiinflammatory effect of rosiglitazone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2728–2735.
39.
TrøseidMLappegårdKTClaudiT. Exercise reduces plasma levels of the chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8 in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(4):349–355.
40.
TabaraYKoharaKYamamotoY. Polymorphism of the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) gene is associated with the plasma level of MCP-1 but not with carotid intima-media thickness. Hypertens Res. 2003;26(9):677–683.
41.
WuJDXuXHZhuJ. Effect of exenatide on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011;13(2):143–148.
42.
KiyiciSErturkEBudakF. Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and monocyte adhesion molecules in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Arch Med Res. 2006;37(8):998–1003.
43.
FortesPCMendesJGStinghenARiellaMCPecoits-FilhoR. Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein in dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2007;27(suppl 3):S12.
44.
SatirogluOUyduHADemirABostanMAtakMBozkurtE. Association between plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and the extent of atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2011;224(4):301–306.
45.
PetrkovaJSzotkowskaJHermanovaZLuklJPetrekM. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Mediators Inflamm. 2004;13(1):39–43.
46.
WakabayashiIMasudaH. Relationships between vascular indexes and atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Angiology. 2008;59(5):567–573.
47.
BianchiCPennoGPancaniF. Non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors contribute to peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;78(2):246–253.
48.
DeoRKheraAMcGuireDK. Association among plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(9):1812–1818.
49.
DaskalopoulouSSAthyrosVGElisafMMikhailidisDP. Uric acid levels and vascular disease. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20(6):951–954.
50.
MilionisHJKalantziKJGoudevenosJASeferiadisKMikhailidisDPElisafMS. Serum uric acid levels and risk for acute ischaemic non-embolic stroke in elderly subjects. J Intern Med. 2005;258(5):435–441.
51.
BakerJFSchumacherHRKrishnanE. Serum uric acid level and risk for peripheral arterial disease: analysis of data from the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Angiology. 2007;58(4):450–457.
52.
DaskalopoulouSSAthyrosVGHamiltonGMikhailidisDP. Lipid-lowering therapy in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2005;10(2):145–147.
53.
AlnaebMEAlobaidNSeifalianAMMikhailidisDPHamiltonG. Statins and peripheral arterial disease: potential mechanisms and clinical benefits. Ann Vasc Surg. 2006;20(5):696–705.
54.
ParaskevasKIAthyrosVGBrianaDDKakafikaAIKaragiannisAMikhailidisDP. Statins exert multiple beneficial effects on patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization procedures. Curr Drug Targets. 2007;8(8):942–951.
