This article begins by examining the origins and modern standing of nonlawyer judges. It moves on to recite criticisms levied at nonlawyer judges and the reasons that large-scale elimination of nonlawyer judges is unlikely in the near future. Finally, it concludes by offering procedural fairness training as an attainable and highly effective tool to improve the performance of nonlawyer judges.
Alcoholics Anonymous. (2001). Alcoholics anonymous: The big book (4th ed.).
2.
AllanT. R. S. (1998). Procedural fairness and the duty of respect. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 18(3), 497-515. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/18.3.497
BrocknerJ. (2002). Making sense of procedural fairness: How high procedural fairness can reduce or heighten the influence of outcome favorability. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 58-76.
8.
BurkeK.LebenS. (2007). Procedural fairness: A key ingredient In public satisfaction. Court Review, 44(1/2), 4-25.
DoughertyG. W.LindquistS. A.BradburyM. D. (2006). Evaluating performance in state judicial institutions: Trust and confidence in the Georgia judiciary. State and Local Government Review, 38(3), 176-190. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X0603800305
GouldJ. B. (2007). Security at what cost? A comparative evaluation of court security. Justice System Journal, 28(1), 62-78.
27.
GrayC. (2007). Reaching out or overreaching: Judicial ethics and self-represented litigants. Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary, 27(1), 97-168.
28.
HandL. (1944). The spirit of liberty. Central Park.
HeuerL.PenrodS.KattanA. (2007). The role of societal benefits and fairness concerns among decision makers and decision recipients. Law and Human Behavior, 31(6), 573-610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-006-9084-2
31.
JaworskiL. (1975). Judicial intimidation: A threat to the advocate’s independence. Litigation, 1(1), 11-13.
32.
KatzS.HaldarD. (2016). The pedagogy of trauma informed lawyering. Clinical Law Review, 22, 359-393.
MurphyK. (2017). Procedural justice and its role in promoting voluntary compliance. In DrahosP. (Ed.), Regulatory theory: Foundations and applications (pp. 43-58). ANU Press.
OlsonS. M.HuthD. A. (1998). Explaining public attitudes toward local courts. Justice System Journal, 20(1), 41-61.
59.
ParaschivR.-G. (2012). The importance of procedural of justice in shaping individuals’ perceptions of the legal system. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 4(2), 162-167.
60.
Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency. (2011). Free to tell the truth: Preventing and combating intimidation in court. Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency.
61.
PerlinM. L. (2017). “Have you seen dignity?” The story of the development of therapeutic jurisprudence. New Zealand Universities Law Review, 27, 1135-1161. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2932149
RonnerA. (2002). Songs of validation, voice, and voluntary participation: Therapeutic Jurisprudence, Miranda and juveniles. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 71(1), 89-114.
66.
RyanJ. P.GutermanJ. H. (1977). Lawyer versus nonlawyer town justices: An empirical footnote toNorth v. Russell. Judicature, 60(6), 272-280.
67.
S.C. Code § 22-1-10(C)(1)(a).
68.
S.C. Code § 22-8-40(B).
69.
ShumanD. (1993). Making the world a better place through tort law? Through the therapeutic looking glass. New York Law School Journal of Human Rights, 10(3), 739-758.
TocquevilleA. d. (2002). Democracy in America. (ReeveH., Trans.; Vol. 1). Penn State University. (Original work published 1835)
76.
TylerT. R. (2003). Procedural justice, legitimacy, and the effective rule of law. Crime and Justice, 30, 283-357. https://doi.org/10.1086/652233
77.
TylerT. R. (2007). Procedural justice and the courts. Court Review, 44, 26-31.
78.
TylerT. R.HuoY. J. (2002). Building trust in the law: Encouraging public cooperation with the police and courts through process-based social regulation. Russell Sage Foundation.
79.
U.S. Const., amend. VI.
80.
U.S. Department of Justice. (2015). Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division.
WexlerD. (1999). The development of therapeutic jurisprudence: From theory to practice. Revista Juridica Universidad de Puerto Rico, 68(3), 691-706.
84.
WexlerD. (2016). Guiding court conversation along pathways conductive to rehabilitation: Integrating procedural justice and therapeutic jurisprudence. International Journal of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, 1, 367-372.