This introductory essay provides an update of the state of stigma research. Following this, an overview of the six stigma studies included in this issue is presented.
AndersonJ.BresnahanM. (2012). Communicating stigma about body size. Health Communication, 28, 1-13. doi:10.1080/10410236.2012.706792
2.
AshforthB. E.KreinerG. E. (1999). “How can you do it?” Dirty work and the challenge of constructing a positive identity. Academy of Management Review, 24, 413-434. doi:10.5465/AMR.1999.2202129
3.
BenoitW. L. (1995). Accounts, excuses, and apologies: A theory of image restoration strategies. Barcelona, Spain: Marcombo.
4.
BlascovichJ.MendesW. B.SeeryM. (2002). Intergroup encounters and threat. In MackieD. M.SmithE. R. (Eds.), From prejudice to intergroup emotions, differentiated reactions to social groups (pp. 89-109). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
5.
BosA. E.PryorJ. B.ReederG. D.StutterheimS. E. (2013). Stigma: Advances in theory and research. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35, 1-9. doi:10.1080/01973533.2012.746147
6.
BresnahanM.ZhuangJ. (2015). Stigma. In KimD. Y.DearingJ. W. (Eds.), Health communication measures (pp. 233-246). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
7.
BrownK. A.BillingsA. C.MastroD.Brown-DevlinN. (2015). Changing the image repair equation impact of race and gender on sport-related transgressions. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92, 487-506. doi:10.1177/1077699015574484
8.
CorriganP. W.LamC. (2007). Challenging the structural discrimination of psychiatric disabilities: Lessons learned from the American disability community. Rehabilitation Education, 21, 53-58. doi:10.1891/088970107805059869
9.
CorriganP. W.WatsonA. C.MillerF. E. (2006). Blame, shame, and contamination: The impact of mental illness and drug dependence stigma on family members. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 239-246. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.2.239
10.
CrandallC. S. (1994). Prejudice against fat people: Ideology and self-interest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 882-894. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.882
11.
CrandallC. S.CohenC. (1994). The personality of the stigmatizer: Cultural world view, conventionalism, and self-esteem. Journal of Research in Personality, 28, 461-480. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1994.1033
12.
DoobA. N.EckerB. P. (1970). Stigma and compliance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 302-304. doi:10.1037/h0028996
13.
EcksteinJ.AllenM. (2014). Reclaiming stigma: Alternative explorations of the construct. Communication Studies, 65, 129-131. doi:10.1080/10510974.2014.893708
14.
FeldmanD. B.CrandallC. S. (2007). Dimensions of mental illness stigma: What about mental illness causes social rejection?Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 137-154. doi:10.1521/jscp.2007.26.2.137
15.
GoffmanE. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
16.
HatzenbuehlerM. L.Nolen-HoeksemaS.DovidioJ. (2009). How does stigma “get under the skin”? The mediating role of emotion regulation. Psychological Science, 20, 1282-1289. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02441.x
17.
HerekG. M. (2009). Sexual stigma and sexual prejudice in the United States: A conceptual framework. In HopeD. A. (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities (pp. 65-111). New York, NY: Springer.
18.
HimesS.ThompsonJ. (2007). Fat stigmatization in television shows and movies: A content analysis. Obesity, 15, 712-718. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.635
19.
KurzbanR.LearyM. R. (2001). Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: The functions of social exclusion. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 187-208. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.187
20.
LevittL.KornhaberR. C. (1977). Stigma and compliance: A re-examination. Journal of Social Psychology, 103, 13-18. doi:10.1080/00224545.1977.9713290
21.
LinkB. G.PhelanJ. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363-385. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
22.
LukachkoA.HatzenbuehlerM. L.KeyesK. M. (2014). Structural racism and myocardial infarction in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 103, 42-50. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.021
23.
MacraeC. N.BodenhausenG. V. (2001). Social cognition: Categorical person perception. British Journal of Psychology, 92, 239-255. doi:10.1348/000712601162059
24.
MajorB.O’BrienL. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 393-421. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137
25.
MeisenbachR. J. (2010). Stigma management communication: A theory and agenda for applied research on how individuals manage moments of stigmatized identity. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38, 268-292. doi:10.1080/00909882.2010.490841
26.
MetzlJ. M.HansenH. (2014). Structural competency: Theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality. Social Science & Medicine, 103, 126-133. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.032
27.
NeubergS. L.SmithD. M.AsherT. (2000). Why people stigmatize: Toward a biocultural framework. In HeathertonT. F.KleckR. E.HeblM. R.HullJ. G. (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 31-61). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
28.
PachankisJ. E. (2007). The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive-affective-behavioral model. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 328-345. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.328
29.
ParkerR.AggletonP. (2003). HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 13-24. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00304-0
30.
PescosolidoB. A.MartinJ. K. (2015). The stigma complex. Annual Review of Sociology, 41, 87-116. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145702
31.
PhelanJ.LinkB. G.MooreR. E.StueveA. (1997). The stigma of homelessness: The impact of the label “homeless” on attitudes toward poor persons. Social Psychological Quarterly, 60, 323-337. doi:10.2307/2787093
32.
PhelanJ. C.LinkB. G.DovidioJ. F. (2008). Stigma and prejudice: One animal or two?Social Science & Medicine, 67, 358-367. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.022
33.
PryorJ. B.ReederG. D.YeadonC.Hesson-McInnisM. (2004). A dual-process model of reactions to perceived stigma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 436-452 doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.4.436
34.
PuhlR. M.BrownellK. D. (2003). Psychosocial origins of obesity stigma: Toward changing a powerful and pervasive bias. Obesity Reviews, 4, 213-227. doi:10.1046/j.1467-789X.2003.00122.x
35.
PuhlR. M.HeuerC. A. (2009). The stigma of obesity: A review and updates. Obesity, 17, 941-964. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.636
36.
QuinnD. M.EarnshawV. A. (2013). Concealable stigmatized identities and psychological well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 40-51. doi:10.1111/spc3.12005
37.
SandersH. (2014, April28). Panhandling in West Michigan: Report finds many are not homeless. Detroit Free Press. p. 6
38.
ScamblerG.PaoliF. (2008). Health work, female sex workers and HIV/AIDS: Global and local dimensions of stigma and deviance as barriers to effective interventions. Social Science & Medicine, 66, 1848-1862. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.002
39.
SchwarzerR.WeinerB. (1991). Stigma controllability and coping as predictors of emotions and social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 133-140. doi:10.1177/0265407591081007
40.
ShihM. (2004). Positive stigma: Examining resilience and empowerment in overcoming stigma. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 175-185. doi:10.1177/0002716203260099
41.
SmithR. A. (2007). Language of the lost: An explication of stigma communication. Communication Theory, 17, 462-485. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00307
42.
SmithR. A. (2014). Testing the model of stigma communication with factorial experiment in an interpersonal context. Communication Studies, 65, 154-173. doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.851095
43.
SmithR. A.HughesD. (2014). Infectious disease stigmas: Maladaptive in modern society. Communication Studies, 65, 132-138, doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.851096
44.
SpradlinA. L. (1998). The price of “passing”: A lesbian perspective on authenticity in organizations. Management Communication Quarterly, 11, 598-605. doi:10.1177/0893318998114006
45.
StearnsS. A. (2014). The Goffmanian conundrum: Supporting the status quo or forced to manage societal ramifications?Communication Studies, 65, 208-222. doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.851098
46.
StrileyK. M. (2014). The stigma of excellence and the dialectic of (perceived) superiority and inferiority: Exploring intellectual gifted adolescents’ experiences of stigma. Communication Studies, 65, 139-153. doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.851726
47.
Van AlphenL. M.DijkerA. J.BosA. E.Van den BorneB.CurfsL. M. (2012). The influence of group size and stigma severity on social acceptance: The case of people with intellectual disability moving into neighborhoods. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22, 38-50. doi:10.1002/casp.1094
48.
WalkerM.HarrimanS.CostelloS. (1980). The influence of appearance on compliance with a request. Journal of Social Psychology, 112, 159-160. doi:10.1080/00224545.1980.9924313
49.
WeinerB.PerryR. P.MagnussonJ. (1988). An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 738-748. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.738
